Cupertino Alliance

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Cupertino Alliance
  • Chinese (simplified):库比蒂诺联盟
    Chinese (traditional):庫比蒂諾聯盟
    Dutch:Cupertino Alliantie
    Estonian:Cupertino Liit
    Filipino:Alyansa ng Cupertino
    French:Alliance de Cupertino
    German:Allianz des Cupertino
    Hindi:क्यूपर्टिनो संधि
    Irish:Comhghuaillíocht Cupertino
    Korean:쿠퍼티노 동맹
    Norwegian:Kupertinoalliansen
    Spanish:Alianza Cupertino
    Thai:พันธมิตรคูเปอร์ติโน
    Russian:Альянс Купертино
    Vietnamese:Liên minh Cupertino
    Welsh:Cynghrair Cupertino
Motto: "For thee we stand together."[2]
Anthem: No offical anthem[3]
Emblem
Official languagesEnglish
Membership20 members
Leaders
Daniel R.
Liam Alexander
Establishment
• IEU founded
20 October 2018
• Operation North Macedonia started
10 March 2019
• Established
1 April 2019
• Dissolved
1 June 2019
• Reestablished
28 January 2020
• Charter Act, 2021
December 2021
• Dissolved
6 May 2024

The Cupertino Alliance (/ˌkpərˈtnɑːlɑːɪəns/ (listen) KOOP-ər-TEEN-oh uh-LAI-uhns)[4] was an intermicronational development organization, with its final rendition being formed on 28 January 2020. The alliance had 20 full members. The alliance's main legislative body was the Cupertino Alliance Parliament, comprised of delegates representing their micronation. The alliance was governed by the Charter of the Cupertino Alliance, 2021 from when it was passed on 8 December 2021 until the passing of the Motion to Dissolve the Cupertino Alliance on the 7th of May, 2024.

Based on the composition of members, the Cupertino Alliance can trace its lineage to the Independent Economical Union, a group of nations attempting to "protect the freedom of economy". After the decline of the Independent Economical Union in January 2019, the Epic Union was founded on 10 March 2019, originally to parody the Grand Unified Micronational. Inspired by the Epic Union, the Cupertino Alliance would be founded originally on 1 April 2019 with the membership of the new alliance being Aenderia, Misberia, Bepistan, Cloverzem, Groponigën, and Matachewan. However this rendition would eventually fall into inactivity as well, as was dissolved on 1 June 2019. Eventually, a bill was proposed to the House of Commons of Aenderia to reopen the Cupertino Alliance which was passed, reopening the alliance on 28 January 2020.[5]

Etymology

The Cupertino Alliance was named simultaneously with Point Cupertino, Aenderia after Cupertino, California following a suggestion by Jayden Lycon. The name Cupertino first became widely used for the place in California when John T. Doyle, a San Francisco lawyer and historian, named his winery on McClellan Road Cupertino. After the turn of the 20th century, Cupertino displaced the former name for the region, which was West Side. The winery and its region, what became the City of Cupertino, was named after Arroyo San José de Cupertino (now Stevens Creek). The creek had been named by Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza's cartographer, who named it after Saint Joseph of Cupertino (Italian:Guiseppe da Copertino), born Giuseppe Maria Desa and later named after the town of Copertino in the Kingdom of Naples, where he was born. The town was founded supposedly in 924 AD, originally named Citadella, then Conventino, Cupertino, and finally Copertino with the originating meaning a place of convening.

Naming

During the creation of the alliance, various names were suggested. Some suggestions were satirical, being parodies of the name of the Grand Unified Micronational, while William Efton decided to call it "Project Esperanza" for the time being.[6][7] The current name, "Cupertino Alliance," was suggested by Jayden Lycon. Efton, who at the time was an Apple fan, liked the suggestion.[8][9] Apple has been headquartered in Cupertino, California since 1977.[10]

As neither Lycon and Efton lived near the city of Cupertino (living in Toronto[11] and Austin[12] respectively), Efton suggested to claim a plot of land and name it "Point Cupertino".[13] This was later given assent from both the House of Commons of Aenderia[14] and by then-president Milaw Oakforrest.[15] The name was retained during the 2020 revival of the alliance.

History

Early history

Predecessor organizations

The Independent Economical Union was founded on 20 October 2018 by Piotr Harniakiewicz. With the first members being Nerdystan, Matachewan and Aenderia. During the eventual decline of the Independent Economical Union, the Epic Union was founded on 10 March 2019 by Jayden Lycon as a way to parody the Grand Unified Micronational due to the perceived exclusivity seen by Lycon. This union would eventually grow into an idea for a new organization which would be the Cupertino Alliance.

Foundation and dissolution

The 10 Cupertino Krone note, featuring Brandon Mierzwa, a now defunct project from the original rendition of the Cupertino Alliance.

On 1 April 2019, the Cupertino Alliance was founded, with the initial members of the first phase of the alliance being Aenderia, Misberia, Bepistan, Cloverzem, Groponigën, and Matachewan.

During the first phase, the alliance developed multiple agreements, including a Schengen-type visa-free travel agreement,[16] a unified banknote[17] and a defence treaty.[18] Furthermore, the alliance also resolved treaties between nation-states, including a conflict between Auvenum and Bepistan regarding the partition of White Island[19] and an extensive research study regarding a proposed bill in Groponigën regarding the Christchurch mosque shootings.[20]

Months later, activity in the alliance plummeted. Eventually, there were talks to the Misberian delegate about Lycon having the desire to close the alliance. A few days later, Jayden proposed a dissolution bill for the Cupertino Alliance, which was passed. The dissolution voided all Cupertino Alliance projects and agreements, and remains of the Cupertino Krone were void. On 1 June 2019, the act was went into effect and the Cupertino Alliance was dissolved.[21] Though, on 7 July, Tony Sweigart attempted to revive the alliance.[22] A vote motioning the recreation was passed but was not implemented as no other micronation had joined the revived alliance.

Revival

With the anti-GUM sentiment in Aenderia stronger than ever, talks to reopen the Cupertino Alliance were presented to the House of Commons of Aenderia. The plan was to reopen the alliance by 28 January 2020, with the first meeting commencing on 1 February.[5] The act passed, and Efton invited Ponderosa Hills, Millania, and Misberia to the reopened alliance.[23] The following weeks saw the passing of many agreements, including the Windhoek Agreement[24] and the admission of Aenopia and Orientia on 24 February.[25] Also, the Alliance started the development of Cupertino Guides, revived the Informative Template Project, and started the development of a new site.

Logo of the 69 Hour Session.
The Cupertino Alliance held their first 69 Hour Session, donating funds to the Canadian Red Cross.

From 14 March 2020 till 17 March, the Cupertino Alliance held its first 69 Hour Session, with all delegates participating in a session to donate to the Canadian Red Cross.[26][27][28] During the session, controversy over the Cupertino Alliance's anthem prompted Aenderia to begin to withdraw from the alliance due to the informality. Aenderia requested a report showing ways the alliance attempted to become more formal.[29][30] These requirements were later completed,[31] and on 5 April, an agreement was signed and ratified by both parties which suspended the withdrawal process.[32][33]

Rebuilding the alliance

Cupertino Alliance's video election graphics were the first in the community and were first used in the 2020 Ponderosa Hills general election.

Following the incident regarding the 69 Hour Session, the Alliance became more formal. Sessions were improving with the Parliamentary Practice act, programs were being completed, and general interest grew in the CA.

On 30 March 2020, the Cupertino Reference Centre opened on Discord[34] and TinyCat on 13 April.[35][36] Three days later, Millania rejoined the Alliance.[33][37] This followed both the admission of Caddia, Huasgurd, Wegmat, and Patchogue, all were admitted a couple days earlier. On 16 April 2020, the long-awaited Cupertino Earth Week Clean Up was postponed indefinitely at the advice of both Toronto Public Health and Public Health England due to COVID-19.[38][39]

On 18 April 2020, the Millanian delegate notified regarding an incident in Kayutsastan regarding independence. The Cupertino Alliance, alongside others, provided peacekeeping support and eventually got in touch with Tom Kap, the leader of the movement. Kap, Lycon, and Millan later attended a negotiation session, where the rebels surrendered and allowed Kayutsasan to rejoin Millania in return for full amnesty in Millania, a new serene republican government in Kayutsasan as well as other bargaining points.

On 7 May 2020, the Cupertino Electoral Supervisory Commission's Nintendo 64 electorial video graphics was released with the 2020 Ponderosa Hills election, becoming the first video election graphics in the community and replacing Canadian Broadcasting Corperation.[40][41] This received praise from not only member nations but as well as others who praised it on being very professional and official.[42][43]

The Cupertino Alliance Factbook was finished on 14 February 2021.

On 8 May 2020, the Cupertino Alliance, as well as others, attended a constitutional convention in Hausgurd Union of the Crowns and drafted a new constitution based on the current Aenderian Constitution Act, 2020.[44][45] Later, New Port was dismissed from the Alliance due to the dissolution of the country.[46]

On 16 May 2020, the Cupertino Alliance worked on their new constitution to outline its governance in a single unified codified constitution, replacing several acts.[47] This was passed and fully ratified on 15 June 2020. The anthem fiasco was formally ended with the passing of the Anthems Act, making the Cupertino Alliance have no anthem.[48]

A Prime Minister (later Lieutenant Chair) position was established on 25 July 2020,[49] with Otto Gillespie Birch winning the office.[50] On 1 August 2020, the first Cupertino Alliance chair election was conducted between Lycon and Valentinus, with Lycon winning 11-2, and 1 abstain.

A surge in demand for membership applications in August 2020 resulted in applications taking more time as the Division of Membership Attainment was backed up, paving the way to the Membership (Reorganization) Act, which abolished the infamous 25 member cap as well as changed the process of membership, including requiring all applicants to go through an observer phase. The Regional Sessions Act was also passed during this time, creating the special ministry called regional ministries, allowing certain ministers to host sessions at times inconvenient to the Chair. The first European / African auxiliary session was held on 20 September 2020 at 3PM UTC or 11AM EDT while the first Asian / Oceanian auxiliary session was held on 25 September 2020 at 10AM UTC or 6AM EDT.

In early September, Sertor Valentinus was temporarily dismissed, marking a new way on how the alliance treated raiding incidents. Valentinus was later reinstated after multiple assessments and changes. A cabinet shuffle was done from late September to October 2020 as a result of various cabinet ministers retiring from the community.

During the month of November, the period was marked with increased session length and session frequency. The month also saw a revival of various projects including the Cupertino Guide and Factbook by the Lycon government, intended to be finished near or after his resignation.

Modern history

Post-Lycon

The post-Lycon era commenced when Simon Reeve, the second Lieutenant Chair of the Alliance under Chairman Jayden Lycon was declared winner of the 2nd Cupertino Alliance chairmanship election in January 2021, later being inaugurated on 15 February 2021. Elected with the goals of program activity and GUM cooperation, the term started poorly, with the administration reaching a threat of a motion of no confidence for inactivity.

Work on the Cupertino Guide from last administration reached a milestone on May 2021 with the competition of Chapter 2, which later sparked tensions between the Grand Unified Micronational's GUM Guides. The tensions mainly consisted of MicroWiki's "license" to the GUM to host their own guides service.

In August 2021, Varuna Sriraya was declared winner of the 3rd Cupertino Alliance chairmanship election. During his chairmanship, MicroNear, an application that lists micronations, was acquired following the approval of an act of Parliament on 2 November of the same year.[51] 3 days following the acquisition, however, Roy would resign as Chair following a motion of no confidence being put forward by delegates; he would be replaced by Tyler Mullins.

Upon becoming Chair, Tyler Mullins was faced with a relatively disjointed alliance, split between supporting Roy and supporting those who put forward the motion of no confidence. Through the leadership of Mullins, a return to a much calmer and united alliance became present. Still, Vishwamitra would withdraw from the alliance, alongside the Revalian Kingdom and the Kingdom of Burdette.

Also under the Mullins administration, the Cupertino Alliance ratified the Charter of the Cupertino Alliance, 2021, written by the then Superior Judge Carson Snyder.

On 28 December 2021, during preparations for the Chair election Mullins released a statement that he would not be seeking another term.[52] The election would end with Carson Snyder being declared the winner, gaining 73.1% of the vote, and the next day, on 31 January 2022, Snyder would take office ending the Mullins administration.

Structure

Parliament of the Cupertino Alliance
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Leadership
Chair of the Board
Lieutenant Chair
Seats
  Chair (1)
  Regional Ministers and Deputies (4)
  Delegates (56)
  Full Member Delegates (51)
  Provisional Member Delegates (5)
Meeting place
Cupertino Alliance Discord

The Cupertino Alliance had three main branches, the legislative in the form of the Cupertino Alliance Parliament, the executive in the form of the Chair of the Cupertino Alliance, and the judicial in the form of the Superior Court.

Cupertino Alliance Parliament

The Cupertino Alliance Parliament was the legislative branch of the Cupertino Alliance. It was comprised of delegates from full members states and provisional members states, being appointed by those states to serve as a delegate. Each delegation of a full member state had one delegate acting as a primary delegate. These delegates were responsible for casting their nation's vote on legislation and acts proposed to the Cupertino Alliance Parliament.

Chair of the Cupertino Alliance

The Chair of the Cupertino Alliance, also known as the Chair of the Board or simply Chair, was the executive of the Cupertino Alliance. They were responsible for ensuring sessions are held, passed legislation and programs were implemented, and ensuring the Cupertino Alliance's longevity. Some of the notable powers given to the Chair were the power to veto legislation passed by the Cupertino Alliance Parliament and the ability to issue Chair orders, acts that do not need to be approved by Parliament. The Chair served alongside the Lieutenant Chair of the Cupertino Alliance.

The Chair of the Cupertino Alliance was elected following the provisions of Chapter 6 of the Charter of the Cupertino Alliance, 2021. Elections occurred twice a year, in January and July, and concluded on the last Tuesday of the month. Bids for election were opened from four weeks till two weeks before the voting period began. A period for campaigning was also set aside, beginning three weeks before the start of the voting period. The election as a whole was ran by members of the Superior Court. After the ending of the three day voting period, which ended on the last Tuesday of the month, the winner was declared by the Superior Court, who took office the last day of the month.

Superior Court

The Superior Court was the judicial branch of the Cupertino Alliance. It was comprised of the Superior Judge of the Cupertino Alliance and two Associate Justices. The Superior Judge was nominated by the Chair and confirmed by Parliament before taking office, after taking office the Superior Judge then nominated two Associate Justices to be confirmed by Parliament. Notably, the Superior Court was not liable to inference from the Chair or Parliament. The Superior Court had the responsibility to act as a neutral mediation body open to use by member states of the alliance, to interpret disagreements over intent from the Charter, and other bureaucratic responsibilities.[53]

Ministries

Ministries were the main bureaucratic organs of the Cupertino Alliance, headed by a minister and potentially a deputy minister. The ministries, as mandated by the Charter of the Cupertino Alliance, 2021, were the Ministry of American Affairs, Ministry of European and African Affairs, Ministry of Asian and Oceanic Affairs, Ministry of Membership Attainment, Ministry of Statistical Affairs, Ministry of Development and Interstate Cooperation, Ministry of International Cooperation, Ministry of Press and Promotion, and the Ministry of Technology. To have been founded by the Cupertino Alliance Parliament, a ministry must have a clearly defined duty and purpose.

Ministers were appointed by the Chair, after taking office the appointment was discussed in parliament and then either confirmed to the position or are recalled. If a minister was recalled, they could not reappointed for twenty-eight days. While the Chair could also appoint deputy ministers, ministers could also appoint deputies to the ministry they were presiding over. Appointed deputy ministers were required go through the same approval process as ministers.

Membership

An example of remarks produced by the Ministry of Membership Attainment on the Second Empire of Atiera.

Membership in the Cupertino Alliance was divided into three categories: observers, provisional members, and full members. All members were required to meet the requirements laid out in Article 1 of the Charter of the Cupertino Alliance, 2021. Those requirements are as follows:

  • The ratification of this document, the Charter of the Cupertino Alliance, 2021, by the nation.
  • A present constitution or other document outlining the systems and procedures of the government of the nation.
  • A present and occupied government administering the nation.
  • A stable government which has proven itself to be, and seems to continue being, enduring.
  • A government and citizenry who do not pose a safeguarding risk or other risk towards members of the Cupertino Alliance.
  • Be a nation not under the control of or authority of another nation or entity.
  • Must not be in a war or major conflict with any other member state.
  • At least one available and willing representative to act as a delegate for the nation.

Observers

As an observer, micronations could have association with the Cupertino Alliance without seeking full membership in the Alliance. To become an observer, a micronation would simply petition the Chair of the Cupertino Alliance and they would be, after confirmation from both the Chair and Safeguarding Officer, granted observer status in the Cupertino Alliance. Observer status could be revoked by the Cupertino Alliance Parliament. Nations holding provisional membership or full membership could also become observers by petition of the Chair.

If an observer wanted to seek member status, they could shift their membership to that of a provisional member, if they had been in good standing in the Cupertino Alliance for at least ninety days and if they met the requirements to hold provisional membership, by petition of the Chair.

Provisional members

Provisional members were micronations that were seeking to become full member nations. To become a provisional member, they would submit an application to the Ministry of Membership Attainment, who would then create a set of remarks, a document with information about the applying nation to be presented to parliament. After three readings of the remarks in parliament, parliament would vote on the application.

If the vote to admit a provisional member succeeded, provisional members would be entitled to participate in sessions in parliament, but not entitled to a vote. After twenty-eight days as a provisional member, attending at least two sessions, and getting the sponsorship of a full member, a provisional member could apply to have their status upgraded to that of a full member. If the upgrade vote succeeded in parliament, after three readings of the application, a provisional member would become a full member.

Full members

Full members in the Cupertino Alliance were entitled to participate in sessions, vote on legislation, applications, and other bills, and were entitled to participate in Cupertino Alliance ran programs and projects. Full members made up the majority of the Cupertino Alliance.

As of 12 January 2023, 20 nations are members of the Cupertino Alliance.

Bold indicates Chair of the Board

Country Code Date admitted Delegate(s)
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Kingdom of Pinelandia Kingdom of Pinelandia PLD 15 April 2020 Charles Burgardt
High Kingdom of Mediolaurentia High Kingdom of Mediolaurentia MDL 20 August 2020 [a] Carson Snyder Nicholas Lokin Chris Ramsay
Saspearian Saspearian SPN Anthony I
New Athens Free Nation of New Athens NAT 10 October 2020 Tyler Mullins Tyler Wilson
Desert District Desert District DSD 29 October 2020 Woland
West Sayville Kingdom of West Sayville WSY 12 November 2020 Sertor Valentinus Daniel Hamilton Tom I
Lurdentania Empire of Lurdentania LDT 11 January 2021 Rory I
Elmwycke Elmwycke EWY 7 May 2021 Larry Martin
Novus Hierosolymis Novus Hierosolymis NVH Jayden I
Soyuzist Republic of Azameen SYZ 7 June 2021 Hicham Soyuz
Kingdom of Pibocip Kingdom of Pibocip PBC 30 July 2021 Phillip Joseph Pillin
Berry Empire BER 7 September 2021 Redberry
 Empire of Ovrestlia OVR 17 September 2021 Thomas Marios
Republic of Avalonia Republic of Avalonia AVL 24 November 2021 James Murray Chase I.
United Sea Bass Islands SBI 24 December 2021 Samuel S.
Federal Republic of Aarland ARL 31 December 2021 Tim Landa
Republic of Surdam SDM 13 January 2022 Lane Caldwell


Notes

  1. Mediolaurentia succeeded Humberlea as a member on 11 January 2023.

References

  1. Lycon, Jayden (7 April 2020) Greater Coat of Arms Act
  2. Lycon, Jayden (29 February 2020) Motto
  3. Lycon, Jayden (6 June 2020) Anthems Act, 2020
  4. Lycon, Jayden (31 March 2020)Cupertino Gazette Issue 9
  5. 5.0 5.1 Efton, William (17 January 2020) Day 365 Act
  6. Lycon, Jayden and Efton, William (12 March 2019) 2 North Americans attempt to find a name
  7. Efton, William (12 March 2019) Project Esperanza
  8. Apple Inc. (n.d.) Apple Park Visitor Centre
  9. Lycon, Jayden and Efton, William (12 March 2019) Lycon suggests the Cupertino Alliance
  10. Steeber, Michael (13 November 2017) Before the spaceship: A look back at the previous campuses that Apple called home
  11. Lycon, Jayden (17 March 2019) Letter to Prime Minister Trudeau
  12. Efton, William (15 January 2020) Efton: "I live in Austin"
  13. Efton, William (12 March 2019) Efton's suggestion to claim Point Cupertino
  14. Lycon, Jayden (13 March 2019) HoC: Send an expedition for Point Cupertino
  15. Lycon, Jayden and Oakforrest, Milaw (13 March 2019) Presidential assent given to the colonization of Point Cupertino
  16. Lycon, Jayden (20 March 2019) TORONTO AGREEMENT ON FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT WITHIN CA MEMBER STATES,2019
  17. Lycon, Jayden (20 March 2019) RALEIGH AGREEMENT ON CURRENCY WITHIN CA MEMBER STATES, 2019
  18. Lycon, Jayden (20 March 2019) STOCKHOLM AGREEMENT ON DEFENCE WITHIN CA MEMBER STATES, 2019
  19. White, Calvin (18 May 2019) Auvenese Post: New Area Expansions & Compromise with Bepistan Cached
  20. Lycon, Jayden (March 2019) NEW ZEALAND INCIDENT AND RUMORED DISCORD PUNISHMENTS
  21. Lycon, Jayden (29 May 2019) ACT TO DISSOLVE THE CUPERTINO ALLIANCE
  22. Sweigart, Tony Von (7 July 2019) Tony Von Sweigart attempts to revive the Cupertino Alliance
  23. Efton, William (18 January 2020) Starting list of nations in CA
  24. Lycon, Jayden (15 February 2020) Cupertino Gazette Issue 3
  25. Lycon, Jayden (24 February 2020) Cupertino Gazette Issue 4
  26. Lycon, Jayden (17 March 2020) Cupertino Gazette Issue 7
  27. Montan, Leon (15 March 2020) Cupertino Alliance holding 69 hour long Session
  28. Lycon, Jayden (22 March 2020) Cupertino Alliance donates to the Canadian Red Cross
  29. Efton, William (31 March 2020) Guidelines for Rejoining Cupertino Act, 2020
  30. Eden, Haeden and Eftin, Andy (29 March 2020) Eden and Eftin discussing mandating the Cupertino Alliance to produce a report
  31. Lycon, Jayden (3 April 2020)The Cupertino Framework
  32. Lycon, Jayden (4 April 2020) Suspension of Withdrawal to the Cupertino Alliance Act, 2020
  33. 33.0 33.1 Lycon, Jayden (4 April 2020)Tentative agreement reached with Aenderia; Millania rejoins the Alliance
  34. Lycon, Jayden (30 March 2020) Cupertino Reference Centre launched on Discord server; first Ministerial seal published
  35. Cupertino Reference Centre (13 April 2020) Cupertino Reference Centre on TinyCat
  36. Lycon, Jayden (11 April 2020) Launch of the Cupertino Reference Centre on TinyCat
  37. Lycon, Jayden (2 April 2020) Statement by the Chair regarding Millania
  38. Lycon, Jayden (16 April 2020) Chairmanship Order issued 16 April 2020
  39. Lycon, Jayden (19 April 2020) Earth Day event postponed; New Hanoi referendum soon; Millania and Kayutsastan
  40. Lycon, Jayden (7 May 2020) Pondo Election Results - FINAL
  41. Lycon, Jayden (7 May 2020) Final report on the 2020 Ponderosa Hills general election
  42. Lycon, Jayden (2 May 2020) Cupertino Alliance Project Nintendo 64 - Video Build v.082
  43. u/kazoosportacus (2 May 2020) r/micronations: Some election graphics I've been working for a few days on
  44. Peto, Joseph (8 May 2020) Meeting 1 of the Constitutional Convention
  45. Lycon, Jayden (8 May 2020) Tweet from 8 May 2020
  46. Lycon, Jayden (2 May 2020) AN ACT TO DISMISS THE REPUBLIC OF NEW PORT
  47. Cupertino Alliance (16 May 2020) Twitter: We're working on combining a majority of our governance and constituting...
  48. Lycon, Jayden (6 June 2020) Anthems Act
  49. Lycon, Jayden (25 July 2020) An Act to Establish the Office of the PM
  50. Lycon, Jayden (4 August 2020) Otto Gillespie Birch nomination for PM
  51. "Cupertino Alliance completes acquisition of MicroNear". nacre.cupertinoalliance.ca. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  52. Mullins, Tyler (28 December 2021 Tyler Mullins Jan 2022 CA Campaign Intention
  53. Lycon, Jayden (18 March 2020) Syracuse Declaration

External links

Media
Government