South Ruthenian language
South Ruthenian | |
Græcia | |
Regions | Borough of Čěrneś, Græcia Borough of Pŕvotræv'njskě, Græcia |
---|---|
Number of speakers | ~210 (Dec 2020) |
Language family | Indo-European
|
Writing system | South Ruthenian Cyrillic Script (official) South Ruthenian Latin Script (transcription) South Ruthenian Glagolitic Script (liturgical) |
Type of language | Conlang |
Regulated by | National Hermodicean Academy of Linguistics of Græcia |
South Ruthenian (/ruːˈθiːniən/; South Ruthenian: Полъдьнєвьнъ роуѳиньскъ ѩзꙑкъ (Polěd'nev'ně rouťĭnjskě jęzîkě, /poˌləˈdɲiːvɨː ruˈθiːɲˌsk(ə) ˈjẽˌzɨ.k(ə)/), also known in English as South Ruthene (UK: /rʊˈθiːn/,US: /ruːˈθiːn/), is a Slavic constructed language spoken by the inhabitants of the Borough of Čěrneś in Græcia, as well as co-officially (alongside Hellenic) in the Borough of Pŕvotræv'njskě, also in Græcia.
History
In an attempt to revive the Slavic language spoken in Medieval Arcadia in general, Čěrneś in particular, a group of scholars from the National Hermodicean Academy of Linguistics of Græcia was appointed for this difficult task. With the expertise of a few postgrad students who were specialised in language construction, they were able to construct a new Slavic form of communication, based heavily on modern South Slavic languages, as well as other, West and East Slavic languages, albeit to a lesser extent. That's why it's hard to classify it as a "South Slavic" language, since it shares a lot of elements with the languages outside that particular sphere. Apart from the occasional loanwords from Hellenic and Latin, Vulgar South Ruthenian is also flooded with so called "Turcisms", words that most Balkan languages share, descended from Turkish.
On 6 December 2020 AD, the National Hermodicean Academy of Linguistics of Græcia imposed its first spelling reform of South Ruthenian, adding a new ligature (ЪІ, ъі) and changing what У у stands for.
On 27 February 2022 AD, the second spelling reform of South Ruthenian was approved by the NHAL, which replaced the digraph ДҺ, Дһ, дһ (romanised as Ď, ď) with the unused archaic letter djerv (Ꙉ, ꙉ), which stands for the sound /ð/. Moreover, the official use of other ligatures was approved, such as Ѥ, ѥ in stead of ІЄ, іє; et al.
On 10 June 2022 AD, South Ruthenian was adopted by the Borough of Pŕvotræv'njskě as its co-official language.
Dialects
Each of the four districts of the Borough of Čěrneś features its own distinct dialect:
- Kapsala dialect (Каѱалінъ ꙉіꙗлєкът Kapsalině ďijalekět), aka Forest-ish (Лѣщина Læštĭna)
- Moustreca dialect (Моустрєцінъ ꙉіꙗлєкът Moustrecině ďijalekět), aka Goat-ish (Кощина Koštĭna)
- Xŕb'tě dialect (Хрьбьтьскъ ꙉіꙗлєкът Oŕlěxŕb't'skě ďijalekět), aka Eagle-ish (Орьлоўщина Oŕloŭštĭna)
- Ćougově dialect (Ћоуґовьскъ ꙉіꙗлєкът Ćougov'skě ďijalekět), aka Olive-ish (Маслинћина Maslĭnćĭna)
Additionally, a new dialect has emerged in the Borough of Pŕvotræv'njskě: the Northern dialect (Полънощьнъ ꙉіꙗлєкът Polěnošt'ně ďijalekět), aka Mountain-ish (Ґорћина Gorćĭna).
Morphology
One of the distinct features of the dialects of Čěrneś is the evolution of Yat (Ѣ ѣ), when word-initial.
Another interesting feature is the suffix of the indefinite form of the verbs.
In addition, some dialects have accumulated the Vulgar South Ruthenian habit of omitting the Yers (Ъ ъ and Ь ь).
Last, but not least, vowel reduction.
Standard South Ruthenian | Kapsala dialect | Moustreca dialect | Xŕb'tě dialect | Ćougově dialect | English |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ѣбати (æbatĭ) |
іѣбаћ (jæbać) |
ѣбат (æbat) |
ієбать (jebat') |
єбат (ebat) |
to copulate |
ґордъ (gordě) |
град (ħrad) |
ґоръд (gorěd) |
ґрод (grod) |
ґрад (grad) |
city |
прьстъ (pŕstě) |
пърст (pěrst) |
прьстъ (pŕstě) |
пьрстъ (p'rstě) |
прст (prst) |
finger |
полъдінь (polědinj) |
подінь (podinj) |
полъдєнь (polědenj) |
поўдєнь (poŭdenj) |
полдєн (polden) |
south |
въ (vě) |
во (vo) |
въ (vě) |
в (v) |
оу (ou) |
into, in, at, to |
ґлѧдати (ględatĭ) |
глєндаћ (ħlendać) |
ґлѧдат (ględat) |
ґлѩдать (gljędat') |
ґлєдат (gledat) |
to look at, to watch |
Hellenisms
Due to the geographic location of Čěrneś, which is surrounded by areas that are Hellenic-speaking for more than 3 thousand years, the South Ruthenian language is heavily flooded with words that are ultimately derived from (or linked to) the Hellenic language. Unlike Turcisms, Hellenisms appear in the standard form of the conlang, as well as each of its dialects.
Loanwords
Hellenic | Standard South Ruthenian | Kapsala dialect | Moustreca dialect | Xŕb'tě dialect | Ćougově dialect | English |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δρόμος (ðrómos) |
ꙉроумъ (ďroumě) |
ꙉроум (ďroum) |
ꙉромъ (ďromě) |
ꙉром (ďrom) |
ꙉроум (ďroum) |
road |
μυριάς (myriás) |
мѵрііас (myrijas) |
myriad | ||||
παστοῦρα (pastúra) |
пастоура (pastoura) |
hobble |
Calques
Hellenic | Standard South Ruthenian | Kapsala dialect | Moustreca dialect | Xŕb'tě dialect | Ćougově dialect | English |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ἑκατομμύριον (hekatommýrion) |
сътомѵрііас (sětomyrijas) |
стомѵрііас (stomyrijas) |
million | |||
κυνηγῶ (kynīğō̃) |
письводіти (pĭśvoditĭ) |
пєсъводіћ (pesěvodić) |
пьсъводіт (p'sěvodit) |
пасъводіть (pasěvodit') |
псводіт (psvodit) |
to hunt |
νύσσω (nýssō) |
нѵссати (nyssatĭ) |
нѵссаћ (nyssać) |
нѵссат (nyssat) |
нѵссать (nyssat') |
нѵссат (nyssat) |
to stab |
Turcisms
Although most words are virtually the same, or at least have the same root and slight differences, Ćougou dialect features Turkish loanwords that otherwise usually have a South Ruthenian counterpart.
Phonology
South Ruthenian speakers produce a considerably big amount of sounds, some of them only used for the transcription of Hellenic or Latin. Standard South Ruthenian sounds may differ from Vulgar South Ruthenian, due to the language's complexity in terms of consonant clusters. There are also 4 palatals [c, ɟ, ç, ʝ] that contrast with velars [k, ɡ, x, ɣ] before /a, æ, o, ɔ, u, ɨ, y/, but in complementary distribution with velars before front vowels /e, i/.
Cyrillic alphabet |
Letter name |
IPA value |
Romanisation (official) |
Glagolitic script |
---|---|---|---|---|
А, а | альфа (aljfa) |
/a/, /aː/ | A, a | Ⰰ, ⰰ |
Б, б | боукъі (boukî) |
/b/ | B, b | Ⰱ, ⰱ |
В, в | вита (vĭta) |
/v/ | V, v | Ⰲ, ⰲ |
Г, г | гамма (ħamma) |
/ɣ/, /ʝ/2 | Ħ, ħ | Ⰳ, ⰳ |
Ґ, ґ | ґлаґолі (glagoli) |
/g/, /ɟ/2 | G, g | Ⰳ, ⰳ |
Ѓ, ѓ | ѓъ (ǵě) |
/ɟ/ | Ǵ, ǵ | ⰃⰊ, ⰳⰺ |
Ғ, ғ | ѣғ (æř) |
/ʁ/5 | Ř, ř | Ⰳ, ⰳ |
Д, д | добро (dobro) |
/d/ | D, d | Ⰴ, ⰴ |
Ꙉ, ꙉ1, 6 | ꙉєльта (ďeljta) |
/ð/ | Ď, ď | Ⰴ, ⰴ |
Ђ, ђ | ђєрвь (đerv') |
/d͡ʑ/ /d͡ʒ/4 |
Đ, đ | Ⰼ, ⰼ |
Є, є | єѱілонъ (epsiloně) |
/e/, /eː/ | E, e | Ⰵ, ⰵ |
Ж, ж | живѣтє (žĭvæte) |
/ʒ/ | Ž, ž | Ⰶ, ⰶ |
Ѕ, ѕ | ѕѣло (dzælo) |
/d͡z/ | DZ, dz | Ⰷ, ⰷ |
З, з | зита (zĭta) |
/z/ | Z, z | Ⰸ, ⰸ |
ЗЬ, зь | зьъ (źě) |
/ʑ/ /ʒ/4 |
Ź, ź | ⰈⰊ, ⰸⰺ |
И, и | ижє (ĭže) |
/ɪ/ | Ĭ, ĭ | Ⰻ, ⰻ |
І, і | юта (jota) |
/i/, /iː/ | I, i | Ⰹ, ⰹ |
Й, й | и-кратко (ĭ-kratko) |
/j/ | J, j | Ⰻ, ⰻ |
К, к | каппа (kappa) |
/k/, /c/2 | K, k | Ⰽ, ⰽ |
Ќ, ќ | ќъ (qě) |
/c/ | Q, q | ⰍⰊ, ⰽⰺ |
Л, л | ламвꙉа (lamvďa) |
/ɫ/ /l/4 |
L, l | Ⰾ, ⰾ |
ЛЬ, ль | льъ (ljě) |
/ʎ/ | LJ, lj | Ⰾ, ⰾ |
М, м | мѵ (my) |
/m/ | M, m | Ⰿ, ⰿ |
Н, н | нѵ (ny) |
/n/ | N, n | Ⱀ, ⱀ |
НЬ, нь | ньъ (njě) |
/ɲ/ | NJ, nj | Ⱀ, ⱀ |
О, о | омікронъ (omikroně) |
/o/ | O, o | Ⱁ, ⱁ |
Ө, ө | өкъ (ökě) |
/ø/ | Ö, ö | Ⱁ, ⱁ |
Ӫ, ӫ | ӫкъ (őkě) |
/øː/ | Ő, ő | Ⱁ, ⱁ |
ОУ, оу | оукъ (oukě) |
/u/, /uː/ | OU, ou | ⰑⰖ, ⱁⱆ |
П, п | пі (pi) |
/p/ | P, p | Ⱂ, ⱂ |
Р, р | рѡ (rō) |
/r/ | R, r | Ⱃ, ⱃ |
РЬ, рь | ърь (ěŕ) |
/rʲ/ | Ŕ, ŕ | ⰓⰠ, ⱃⱐ |
С, с | сігма (siħma) |
/s/ | S, s | Ⱄ, ⱄ |
СЬ, сь | сьъ (śě) |
/ɕ/ /ʃ/4 |
Ś, ś | ⰔⰊ, ⱄⰺ |
Т, т | таѵ (taw) |
/t/ | T, t | Ⱅ, ⱅ |
Ћ, ћ | ћєрвь (ćerv') |
/t͡ɕ/ /t͡ʃ/4 |
Ć, ć | Ⰼ, ⰼ |
У, у | оу-кратко (ou-kratko) |
/w/ | U, u | Ⱆ, ⱆ |
Ў, ў3 | Ŭ, ŭ | |||
Ү, ү | үѱілонъ (üpsiloně) |
/y/ | Ü, ü | Ⱛ, ⱛ |
Ұ, ұ | ұмєга (űmeha) |
/yː/ | Ű, ű | Ⱛ, ⱛ |
Ф, ф | фі (fi) |
/f/ | F, f | Ⱇ, ⱇ |
Х, х | хі (xi) |
/x/, /ç/2 | X, x | Ⱈ, ⱈ |
Һ, һ1 | һъ (hě) |
/h/ | H, h | Ⱈ, ⱈ |
Ѡ, ѡ1 | ѡмєга (ōmeħa) |
/ɔː/ | Ō, ō | Ⱉ, ⱉ |
Ц, ц | ци (cĭ) |
/t͡s/ | C, c | Ⱌ, ⱌ |
Ч, ч | чрьвь (čr'v') |
/t͡ʃ/ | Č, č | Ⱍ, ⱍ |
Џ, џ | џъ (džě) |
/d͡ʒ/ | DŽ, dž | Ⰼ, ⰼ |
Ш, ш | ша (ša) |
/ʃ/ | Š, š | Ⱎ, ⱎ |
Щ, щ | ща (šta) |
/ʃt/ | ŠT, št | Ⱋ, ⱋ |
Ъ, ъ | ієръ (jerě) |
/ə/, /ɤ/ /∅/4 |
Ě, ě | Ⱏ, ⱏ |
Ꙑ, ꙑ | ієрꙑ (jerî) |
/ɨ/ | Î, î | ⰟⰉ, ⱏⰹ |
Ь, ь | ієрь (jeŕ) |
/i̯/, /◌ʲ/ | ', J, j (modifier) | Ⱐ, ⱐ |
Ѣ, ѣ | ѣть (æt') |
/æ/ | Æ, æ | Ⱑ, ⱑ |
Ꙙ, ꙙ | ꙙсъ (ąsě) |
/ã/ | Ą, ą | ⰀⰤ, ⰰⱔ |
Ѧ, ѧ | ѧсъ (ęsě) |
/ẽ/ | Ę, ę | Ⱔ, ⱔ |
Ꙟ, ꙟ | ꙟсъ (įsě) |
/ĩ/ | Į, į | ⰉⰤ, ⰹⱔ |
Ѫ, ѫ | ѫсъ (ǫsě) |
/õ/ | Ǫ, ǫ | Ⱘ, ⱘ |
Ꙋ, ꙋ | ꙋсъ (ųsě) |
/ũ/ | Ų, ų | ⰖⰤ, ⱆⱔ |
Ꙛ, ꙛ | ꙛсъ (ǭsě) |
/ɔ̃/ | Ǭ, ǭ | ⰙⰤ, ⱉⱔ |
Ꙗ, ꙗ | ꙗ (ja) |
/ja/ | JA, ja | Ⱑ, ⱑ |
Ѥ, ѥ | ѥ (je) |
/je/ | JE, je | Ⰵ, ⰵ |
Ї, ї | ї (ji) |
/ji/ | JI, ji | Ⰺ, ⰺ |
Ю, ю | ю (jo) |
/jo/ | JO, jo | Ⱖ, ⱖ |
ЮУ, юу | юу (jou) |
/ju/ | JOU, jou | Ⱓ, ⱓ |
ІѠ, іѡ | іѡ (jō) |
/jɔ/ | JŌ, jō | ⰊⰙ, ⰺⱉ |
Ꙓ, ꙓ | ꙓть (jæt') |
/jæ/ | JÆ, jæ | Ⱑ, ⱑ |
Ꙝ, ꙝ | ꙝсъ (jąsě) |
/jã/ | JĄ, ją | ⰡⰤ, ⱑⱔ |
Ѩ, ѩ | ѩсъ (jęsě) |
/jẽ/ | JĘ, ję | Ⱗ, ⱗ |
ІꙞ, іꙟ | іꙟсъ (jįsě) |
/jĩ/ | JĮ, jį | ⰊⰤ, ⰺⱔ |
Ѭ, ѭ | ѭсъ (jǫsě) |
/jõ/ | JǪ, jǫ | Ⱙ, ⱙ |
ІꙊ, іꙋ | іꙋсъ (jųsě) |
/jũ/ | JŲ, jų | ⰣⰤ, ⱓⱔ |
ІꙚ, іꙛ | іꙛсъ (jǭsě) |
/jɔ̃/ | JǬ, jǭ | ⰙⰤ, ⱉⱔ |
Ѯ, ѯ | ѯі (ksi) |
/ks/ | KS, ks | ⰍⰔ, ⰽⱄ |
Ѱ, ѱ | ѱі (psi) |
/ps/ | PS, ps | ⰒⰔ, ⱂⱄ |
Ѳ, ѳ | ѳита (ťĭta) |
/θ/ | Ť, ť | Ⱚ, ⱚ |
Ѵ, ѵ1 | ѵжіца (yžica) |
/v/, /f/ | W, w | Ⱛ, ⱛ |
/i/ | Y, y | |||
Ѷ, ѷ1 3 | Ÿ, ÿ |
Notes:
^1 Only used in Hellenic loanwords.
^2 When palatalised.
^3 When following a vowel.
^4 Vulgar South Ruthenian
^5 Only when occurring in loanwords.
^6 Replaced Дһ, дһ with the 2nd spelling reform.
Archaic South Ruthenian used to feature six nasal vowels with their respective iotated forms, but due to excessive complexity and almost zero need for them, they were dropped. The National Hermodicean Academy of Linguistics of Græcia has made numerous revival attempts, with a formal petition being submitted for review at the Senate's assembly on the 4th of December 2020 AD. On the 4th of January 2021 AD, the Senate decided to grant the academy the 'green light' to complete the re-installation of the nasals, thus closing this chapter of the linguistic reform of the South Ruthenian language.
Orthography
The language is regulated so that it is officially written only using the Cyrillic alphabet, although there is an official romanisation deployed only when needed e.g. in foreign texts. The Orthodox Church of Čěrneś also utilises the Glagolitic alphabet, the first script of Slavic languages attested by Saints Cyril and Methodius in 863 AD/1616 AUC.
Grammar
Articles
Like every Slavic language, South Ruthenian does not have articles. The demonstrative pronoun той (toj, fem: таіа (taja), neuter: товъ (tově) may be used in front of the noun when definiteness is necessary.
Nouns, adjectives, pronouns
South Ruthenian nouns are inflected for case and number. There are seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental. There are three numbers: singular, dual and plural. Nouns have inherent gender. There are three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives and pronouns must agree with nouns in case, number, and gender.
Declension
Nouns
Masculine Gender
Animate | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ends in -Ø, -і, -ъ or -ь | ||||||||||||
sg. | dual | pl. | sg. | dual | pl. | sg. | dual | pl. | ||||
N | мъж (měž) | мъжа (měža) | мъжі (měži) | пись (pĭś) | писа (pĭsa) | писі (pĭsi) | львъ (ljvě) | льва (ljva) | льві (ljvi) | |||
A | мъж-а (měž-a) | мъжѣ (měžæ) | писъі (pĭsî) | львъі (ljvî) | ||||||||
G | мъжоў (měžoŭ) | мъжи (měžĭ) | писа (pĭsa) | писоў (pĭsoŭ) | писъ (pĭsě) | льва (ljva) | львоў (ljvoŭ) | львъ (ljvě) | ||||
D | мъж-оу (měž-ou) | мъжєма (měžema) | мъжємъ (měžemě) | писоу (pĭsou) | писъма (pĭsěma) | писъмъ (pĭsěmě) | львоу (ljvou) | львъма (ljvěma) | львъмъ (ljvěmě) | |||
V | мъжа (měža) | мъжі (měži) | писє (pĭse) | писа (pĭsa) | писі (pĭsi) | львє (ljve) | льва (ljva) | льві (ljvi) | ||||
L | мъж-і (měž-i) | мъжоў (měžoŭ) | мъжіхъ (měžixě) | писѣ (pĭsæ) | писоў (pĭsoŭ) | писѣхъ (pĭsæxě) | львѣ (ljvæ) | львоў (ljvoŭ) | львѣхъ (ljvæxě) | |||
I | мъж-ꙟ (měž-į) | мъжєма (měžema) | мъжіў (měžiŭ) | писъм (pĭsěm) | писъма (pĭsěma) | писъі (pĭsî) | львъмь (ljvěm') | львъма (ljvěma) | львіў (ljviŭ) |
Inanimate | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ends in -Ø, -і, -ъ or -ь | ||||||
sg. | dual | pl. | sg. | dual | pl. | |
N | пръх (prěx) | пръха (prěxa) | пръхі (prěxi) | народъ (narodě) | народа (naroda) | народі (narodi) |
A | пръх-а (prěx-a) | пръхѣ (prěxæ) | народъі (narodî) | |||
G | пръхоў (prěxoŭ) | пръхи (prěxĭ) | народа (naroda) | народоў (narodoŭ) | народъ (narodě) | |
D | пръх-оу (prěx-ou) | пръхєма (prěxema) | пръхємъ (prěxemě) | народоу (narodou) | народома (narodoma) | народомъ (narodomě) |
V | пръха (prěxa) | пръхі (prěxi) | народє (narode) | народа (naroda) | народі (narodi) | |
L | пръх-і (prěx-i) | пръхоў (prěxoŭ) | пръхіхъ (prěxixě) | народѣ (narodæ) | народоў (narodoŭ) | народѣхъ (narodæxě) |
I | пръх-ꙟ (prěx-į) | пръхєма (prěxema) | пръхіў (prěxiŭ) | народъмь (naroděm') | народома (narodoma) | народіў (narodiŭ) |
Feminine Gender
Animate | Inanimate | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ends in -а, -щ or -р (sometimes) | ||||||||||||
sg. | dual | pl. | sg. | dual | pl. | sg. | dual | pl. | ||||
N | жєна (žena) | жєнѣ (ženæ) | жєнꙑ (ženî) | мати (matĭ) | матири (matĭrĭ) | матирі (matĭri) | нощ (nošt) | нощи (noštĭ) | нощі (nošti) | |||
A | жєнъ (ženě) | матирь (matĭr') | ||||||||||
G | жєнꙑ (ženî) | жєноу (ženou) | жєнъ (ženě) | матирє (matĭre) | матироу (matĭrou) | матиръ (matĭrě) | нощі (nošti) | ноћоу (noćou) | ноћі (noći) | |||
D | жєнѣ (ženě) | жєнама (ženama) | жєнамі (ženami) | матирі (matĭri) | матирьма (matĭŕma) | матирьмъ (matĭŕmě) | ноћімъ (noćimě) | ноћімі (noćimi) | ||||
V | жєно (ženo) | жєнѣ (ženæ) | жєнъі (ženî) | маті (mati) | матирі (matĭri) | нощі (nošti) | ||||||
L | жєнѣ (ženě) | жєноу (ženou) | жєнахъ (ženaxě) | матирє (matĭre) | матироу (matĭrou) | матирьхъ (matĭŕxě) | ноћоу (noćou) | нотьхъ (not'xě) | ||||
I | жєнѫ (ženǫ) | жєнама (ženama) | жєнамі (ženami) | матирю (matĭrjo) | матирьма (matĭŕma) | матирьмі (matĭŕmi) | ноћєм (noćem) | ноћіма (noćima) | ноћімі (noćimi) |
Neuter Gender
Animate | Inanimate | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ends in -є, -о or -ѣ | ||||||||||||
sg. | dual | pl. | sg. | dual | pl. | sg. | dual | pl. | sg. | dual | pl. | |
N, A, V | дѣтѧ (dætę) | дѣтѧті (dætęti) | дѣтѧта (dætęta) | моріє (morje) | морї (morji) | моріа (morja) | нєбо (nebo) | нєбєсі (nebesi) | нєбєса (nebesa) | їмѣ (jimæ) | їмєні (jimeni) | їмєна (jimena) |
G | дѣтѧ-тє (dætę-te) | дѣтѧтоу (dætętou) | дѣтѧтъ (dætętě) | моріа (morja) | морюу (morjou) | морї (morji) | нєбєсє (nebese) | нєбєсоу (nebesou) | нєбєсъ (nebesě) | їмєнє (jimene) | їмєноу (jimenou) | їмєнъ (jimeně) |
D | дѣтѧ-ті (dætę-ti) |
дѣтѧћма (dætęćma) | дѣтѧћмъ (dætęćmě) | морюу (morjou) | морѥма (morjema) | морѥмъ (morjemě) | нєбєсі (nebesi) | нєбєсьма (nebeśma) | нєбєсьмъ (nebeśmě) | їмєні (jimeni) | їмєніма (jimenima) | їмєнімъ (jimenimě) |
L | дѣтѧ-тє (dætę-te) | дѣтѧтоу (dætętou) | дѣтѧћхъ (dætęćxě) | морї (morji) | морюу (morjou) | морїхъ (morjix) | нєбєсє (nebese) | нєбєсоу (nebesou) | нєбєсьхъ (nebeśxě) | їмєнєнє (jimene) | їмєнєноу (jimenou) | їмєнєніхъ (jimenixě) |
I | дѣтѧ-ћꙟ (dætę-ćį) | дѣтѧћма (dætęćima) | дѣтѧтъі (dætętî) | морїм (morjim) | морїма (morjima) | морї (morji) | нєбєсьмь (nebeśm') | нєбєсьма (nebeśma) | нєбєсъі (nebesî) | їмєнім (jimenim) | їмєніма (jimenima) | їмєнъі (jimenî) |
Adjectives
Indefinite | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
m. | f. | n. | m. | f. | n. | m. | f. | n. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
N | вѣлікъ (vælikě) | вѣліка (vælika) | вѣліко (væliko) | вѣліка (vælika) | вѣлікѣ (vælikæ) | вѣлікі (væliki) | вѣлікꙑ (vælikî) | вѣліка (vælika) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | вѣлікъ (vælikě) | вѣлікꙑ (vælikî) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
G | вѣліка (vælika) | вѣлікꙑ (vælikî) | вѣліка (vælika) | вѣлікоу (vælikou) | вѣлікъ (vælikě) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
D | вѣлікоу (vælikou) | вѣлікѣ (vælikæ) | вѣлікоу (vælikou) | вѣлікома (vælikoma) | вѣлікама (vælikama) | вѣлікома (vælikoma) | вѣлікомъ (vælikomě) | вѣлікамъ (vælikamě) | вѣлікомъ (vælikomě) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
V | вѣлічє (væliče) | вѣліко (væliko) | вѣліка (vælika) | вѣлікѣ (vælikæ) | вѣлікі (væliki) | вѣлікꙑ (vælikî) | вѣліка (vælika) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L | вѣлікѣ (vælikæ) | вѣлікоу (vælikou) | вѣлікѣхъ (vælikæxě) | вѣлікахъ (vælikaxě) | вѣлікѣхъ (vælikæxě) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
I | вѣлікомъ (vælikomě) | вѣлікойъ (vælikojě) | вѣлікомъ (vælikomě) | вѣлікома (vælikoma) | вѣлікама (vælikama) | вѣлікома (vælikoma) | вѣлікомъ (vælikomě) | вѣлікамъ (vælikamě) | вѣлікомъ (vælikomě) |
Definite | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
m. | f. | n. | m. | f. | n. | m. | f. | n. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
N, V | вѣлікъї (vælikěji) | вѣлікаꙗ (vælikaja) | вѣлікоѥ (vælikoje) | вѣлікаꙗ (vælikaja) | вѣліќѣї (væliqæji) | вѣліќії (væliqiji) | вѣлікꙑꙓ (vælikîjæ) | вѣлікаꙗ (vælikaja) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | вѣлікъйъ (vælikějě) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
G | вѣлікаѥґо (vælikajego) | вѣлікꙑꙓ (vælikîjæ) | вѣлікаѥґо (vælikajego) | вѣлікоуюу (vælikoujou) | вѣлікъїхъ (vælikějixě) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
D | вѣлікоуѥмоу (vælikoujemou) | вѣліќѣї (væliqæji) | вѣлікоуѥмоу (vælikoujemou) | вѣлікъіїма (vælikîjima) | вѣлікъіїмъ (vælikîjimě) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L | вѣліќѣѥмъ (væliqæjemě) | вѣліќѣѥмъ (væliqæjemě) | вѣлікоуюу (vælikoujou) | вѣлікꙑїхъ (vælikîjixě) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
I | вѣлікꙑїмі (vælikîjimi) | вѣлікъйъ (vælikějě) | вѣлікꙑїмі (vælikîjimi) | вѣлікꙑїма (vælikîjima) | вѣлікꙑїмі (vælikîjimi) |
Vocabulary
Swadesh list
South Ruthenian | IPA | English |
---|---|---|
ꙗзъ (jazě) |
/ˈjaz(ə)/ | I |
ти (tĭ) |
/tɪ/ | Thou |
онъ (oně) |
/ˈon(ə)/ | He |
мꙑ (mî) |
/mɨ/ | We |
вꙑ (vî) |
/vɨ/ | You |
оні (oni) |
/ˈoni/ | They |
той/таꙗ/товъ (toj/taja/tově) |
/ˈtoi̯/, /ˈtaja/, /ˈtov(ə)/ | This |
оной/онаꙗ/оновъ (onoj/onaja/onově) |
/ˈonoi̯/, /ˈonaja/, /ˈonov(ə)/ | That |
тоу (tou) |
/tu/ | Here |
тамъ (tamě) |
/ˈtam(ə)/ | There |
къто (kěto) |
/kɤˈto/ | who |
ща (šta) |
/ʃta/ | what |
кѫдѣ (kǫdæ) |
/kõ(n)ˈdæ/ | where |
къґда (kěgda) |
/kɤgˈda/ | when |
какъ (kakě) |
/ˈkak(ə)/ | how |
нѥ (nje) |
/ɲe/ | not |
вьсь (v'ś) |
/vi̯ɕ/ | all |
мъноґъ (měnogě) |
/mɤˈnog(ə)/ | many |
нѣколько (nækoljko) |
/næˈkoʎko/ | some |
мало (malo) |
/ˈmaɫo/ | few |
дроуґі (drougi) |
/ˈdruɟi/ | other |
ѥдьнъ (jed'ně)) |
/ˈjedʲn(ə)/ | one |
дъва (děva) |
/dɤˈva/ | two |
триѥ (trĭje) |
/ˈtrɪje/ | three |
чьтꙑрє (č'tîre) |
/t͡ʃʲˈtɨre/ | four |
пѣть (pæt') |
/ˈpætʲ/ | five |
вѣлікъ (vælikě) |
/ˈvæl⁽ʲ⁾ik(ə)/ | big |
длъґъ (dlěgě) |
/ˈdlɤg(ə)/ | long |
шірокъ (širokě) |
/ʃiˈrok(ə)/ | wide |
тлъстъ (tlěstě) |
/ˈtlɤst(ə)/ | thick |
тѣжькъ (tæž'kě) |
/ˈtæʒʲk(ə)/ | heavy |
малъ (malě) |
/ˈmaɫ(ə)/ | small |
кратъкъ (kratěkě) |
/ˈkratɤk(ə)/ | short |
ꙑзъкъ (îzěkě) |
/ˈɨzɤk(ə)/ | narrow |
тинъкъ (tĭněkě) |
/ˈtɪnɤk(ə)/ | thin |
жѣна (žæna) |
/ˈʒæna/ | woman |
мъж (měž) |
/mɤʒ/ | man (adult male) |
чловѣкъ (človækě) |
/ˈt͡ʃɫovæk(ə)/ | man (human being) |
дѣтє (dæte) |
/ˈdæte/ | child |
соупроуґа (souprouga) |
/ˈsupruga/ | wife |
соупроуґъ (souprougě) |
/ˈsuprug(ə)/ | husband |
мати (matĭ) |
/ˈmatɪ/ | mother |
отић (otĭć) |
/ˈotɪt͡ɕ/ | father |
животінꙗ (žĭvotinja) |
/ʒiˈvotiɲa/ | animal |
рꙑба (rîba) |
/ˈrɨba/ | fish |
пътіца (pětica) |
/pɤˈtit͡sa/ | bird |
пись (pĭś) |
/pɪɕ/ | dog |
въш (věš) |
/vɤʃ/ | louse |
змѣꙗ (zmæja) |
/ˈzmæja/ | snake |
чрьвь (čŕv') |
/ˈt͡ʃrʲvʲ/ | worm |
дрѣво (drævo) |
/ˈdrævo/ | tree |
лꙓсъ (ljæsě) |
/ˈʎæs(ə)/ | forest |
пръчка (prěčka) |
/ˈprɤt͡ʃka/ | stick |
плодъ (plodě) |
/ˈplod(ə)/ | fruit |
сѣмѧ (sæmę) |
/ˈsæmẽ/ | seed |
листъ (lĭstě) |
/ˈlɪst(ə)/ | leaf |
корєнь (korenj) |
/ˈkoreɲ/ | root |
къра (kěra) |
/ˈkɤra/ | bark (of a tree) |
квѣтъ (kvætě) |
/ˈkvæt(ə)/ | flower |
трава (trava) |
/ˈtrava/ | grass |
вѫжє (vǫže) |
/ˈvõʒe/ | rope |
кожа (koža) |
/ˈkoʒa/ | skin |
мѣсо (mæso) |
/ˈmæso/ | meat |
крꙑ (krî) |
/krɨ/ | blood |
кощ (košt) |
/koʃt/ | bone |
мащ (mašt) |
/maʃt/ | fat (noun) |
ꙗйцє (jajce) |
/ˈjai̯t͡se/ | egg |
роґъ (rogě) |
/ˈrog(ə)/ | horn |
хвостъ (xvostě) |
/ˈxvost(ə)/ | tail |
пѣро (pæro) |
/pæˈro/ | feather |
влъсъ (vlěsě) |
/ˈvlɤs(ə)/ | hair |
ґлъва (glěva) |
/glɤˈva/ | head |
оухо (ouxo) |
/ˈuxo/ | ear |
уоко (uoko) |
/u̯ˈoko/ | eye |
ўоко* (ŭoko) |
/ˈwoko/ | |
носъ (nosě) |
/ˈnos(ə)/ | nose |
оуста (ousta) |
/ˈusta/ | mouth |
зъб (zěb) |
/zɤb/ | tooth |
ѩзꙑкъ (jęzîkě) |
/jẽ'zɨk(ə)/ | tongue (organ) |
ноґъћ (nogěć) |
/ˈnogɤt͡ɕ/ | fingernail |
ноґа (noga) |
/ˈnoga/ | foot |
плєсна (plesna) |
/ˈpɫesna/ | leg |
колѣно (kolæno) |
/ˈkoɫæno/ | knee |
ръка (rěka) |
/rɤˈka/ | hand |
крꙑло (krîlo) |
/ˈkrɨɫo/ | wing |
брюухо (bŕouxo) |
/ˈbrʲuxo/ | belly |
чрѣво (črævo) |
/ˈt͡ʃrævo/ | guts |
вꙑꙗ (vîja) |
/ˈvɨja/ | neck |
лѣдва (lædva) |
/ˈlædva/ | back |
ґръђ (grěđ) |
/grɤd͡ʑ/ | breast |
сърдьцє (sěrd'ce) |
/ˈsɤrdʲt͡se/ | heart |
пѥчєнь (pječenj) |
/ˈpʲet͡ʃeɲ/ | liver |
піти (pitĭ) |
/ˈpitɪ/ | to drink |
ꙓсти (jæstĭ) |
/ˈjæstɪ/ | to eat |
кѫсати (kǫsatĭ) |
/kõˈsatɪ/ | to bite |
съсати (sěsatĭ) |
/sɤˈsatɪ/ | to suck |
пльвати (pljvatĭ) |
/pʎˈvatɪ/ | to spit |
блївати (bljivatĭ) |
/ˈbʎivatɪ/ | to vomit |
доухати (douxatĭ) |
/ˈduxatɪ/ | to blow |
дꙑхати (dîxatĭ) |
/ˈdɨxatɪ/ | to breathe |
смиꙗти сѧ (smĭjatĭ sę) |
/smɪˈjatɪ‿sẽ/ | to laugh |
відѣти (vidætĭ) |
/ˈvidætɪ/ | to see |
слоушати (sloušatĭ) |
/ˈsɫuʃatɪ/ | to hear |
вѣдѣти (vædætĭ) |
/ˈvædætɪ/ | to know |
мꙑслѣти (mîstlætĭ) |
/ˈmɨsɫætɪ/ | to think |
мѵрісати (myrisatĭ) |
/miˈrisatɪ/ | to smell |
боꙓти сѧ (bojætĭ sę) |
/ˈbojætɪ‿sẽ/ | to fear |
съпати (sěpatĭ) |
/sɤˈpatɪ/ | to sleep |
живѣти (žĭvætĭ) |
/ˈʒivætɪ/ | to live |
въмрѣти (věmrætĭ) |
/ˈvɤmrætɪ/ | to die |
въбꙑти (věbîtĭ) |
/ˈvɤbɨtɪ/ | to kill |
броти сѧ (brotĭ sę) |
/ˈbrotɪ‿sẽ/ | to fight |
письводіти (pĭśvoditĭ) |
/pɪɕˈvoditɪ/ | to hunt |
бити (bĭtĭ) |
/ˈbɪtɪ/ | to hit |
рѣзати (ræzatĭ) |
/ˈræzatɪ/ | to cut |
раздꙓліти (razdjælitĭ) |
/razˈdjælitɪ/ | to split |
нѵссати (nyssatĭ) |
/ˈnis(ː)atɪ/ | to stab |
драпати (drapatĭ) |
/draˈpatɪ/ | to scratch |
копати (kopatĭ) |
/koˈpatɪ/ | to dig |
плꙑнѫти (plînǫtĭ) |
/ˈpɫɨnõ(n)tɪ/ | to swim |
лєтѣти (letætĭ) |
/ˈɫetætɪ/ | to fly |
ходити (xodĭtĭ) |
/ˈxodɪtɪ/ | to walk |
дойти (dojtĭ) |
/ˈdoɪ̯tɪ/ | to come |
лєжати (ležatĭ) |
/ɫeˈʒatɪ/ | to lie (as in bed) |
сѣсти (sæstĭ) |
/ˈsæstɪ/ | to sit |
стати (statĭ) |
/ˈstatɪ/ | to stand |
объкрѧнѫти сѧ (oběkręnǫtĭ sę) |
/obɤˈkrẽnõ(n)tĭ‿sẽ/ | to turn (intransitive) |
пасти (pastĭ) |
/ˈpastɪ/ | to fall |
дати (datĭ) |
/ˈdatɪ/ | to give |
държати (děržatĭ) |
/ˈdɤrʒatɪ/ | to hold |
сътіскати (sětiskatĭ) |
/sɤˈtiskatɪ/ | to squeeze |
трѣти (trætĭ) |
/ˈtrætɪ/ | to rub |
мꙑти (mîtĭ) |
/ˈmɨtɪ/ | to wash |
бършати (běršatĭ) |
/ˈbɤrʃatɪ/ | to wipe |
влѣщи (vlæštĭ) |
/ˈvɫæʃtɪ/ | to pull |
блъскати (blěskati) |
/ˈblɤskatɪ/ | to push |
кꙑдати (kîdatĭ) |
/ˈkɨdatɪ/ | to throw |
вєсти (vestĭ) |
/ˈvestɪ/ | to tie |
шꙑти (šîtĭ) |
/ˈʃɨtɪ/ | to sew |
броїти (brojitĭ) |
/ˈbrojitɪ/ | to count |
рєкти (rektĭ) |
/ˈrektɪ/ | to say |
пѣти (pætĭ) |
/ˈpætɪ/ | to sing |
їґрати (jigratĭ) |
/ˈjigratɪ/ | to play |
плавати (plavatĭ) |
/ˈpɫavatɪ/ | to float |
тєћи (tećĭ) |
/ˈtet͡ɕɪ/ | to flow |
замръзвати (zamrězvatĭ) |
/zaˈmrɤzvatɪ/ | to freeze |
поухнъти (pouxnětĭ) |
/ˈpuxnɤtɪ/ | to swell |
слъньцє (slěnjce) |
/ˈsɫɤɲt͡se/ | sun |
мѣсєћ (mæseć) |
/ˈmæset͡ɕ/ | moon |
ѕвѣзда (dzvæzda) |
/'d͡zvæzda/ | star |
вода (voda) |
/ˈvoda/ | water |
дъжџь (děždž') |
/'dɤʒd͡ʒʲ/ | rain |
рѣка (ræka) |
/ˈræka/ | river |
ѥзєръ (jezerě) |
/ˈjezer(ə)/ | lake |
морѥ (morje) |
/ˈmorje/ | sea |
соль (solj) |
/soʎ/ | salt |
камєнь (kamenj) |
/ˈkameɲ/ | stone |
пѣсъкъ (pæsěkě) |
/'pæsɤk(ə)/ | sand |
пръх (prěx) |
/prɤx/ | dust |
зємлꙗ (zemlja) |
/ˈzemʎa/ | earth |
облакъ (oblakě) |
/ˈobɫak(ə)/ | cloud |
мъґла (měgla) |
/mɤˈgɫa/ | fog |
нєбо (nebo) |
/ˈnebo/ | sky |
вꙓтръ (vjætrě) |
/ˈvʲætr(ə)/ | wind |
снꙓґъ (snjægě) |
/ˈsɲæg(ə)/ | snow |
лєдъ (ledě) |
/ˈɫed(ə)/ | ice |
дꙑмъ (dîmě) |
/ˈdɨm(ə)/ | smoke |
оґнь (ognj) |
/ogɲ/ | fire |
попєлъ (popelě) |
/ˈpopeɫ(ə)/ | ash |
паліти (palitĭ) |
/'palitɪ/ | to burn |
ꙉроумъ (ďroumě) |
/ˈðrum(ə)/ | road |
ґора (gora) |
/ˈgora/ | mountain |
нощ (nošt) |
/noʃt/ | night |
дінь (dinj) |
/diɲ/ | day |
ґодъ (godě) |
/ˈgod(ə)/ | year |
топлъ (toplě) |
/ˈtopɫ(ə)/ | warm |
холдънъ (xolděně) |
/ˈxoɫdɤn(ə)/ | cold |
плінъ (plině) |
/ˈplin(ə)/ | full |
новъ (nově) |
/ˈnov(ə)/ | new |
старъ (starě) |
/ˈstar(ə)/ | old |
добръ (dobrě) |
/ˈdobr(ə)/ | good |
зълъ (zělě) |
/ˈzɤɫ(ə)/ | bad |
ґньілъ (gnjilě) |
/ˈgɲiɫ(ə)/ | rotten |
чістъ (čistě) |
/ˈt͡ʃist(ə)/ | clean |
нѥчістъ (nječistě) |
/ˈɲet͡ʃist(ə)/ | dirty |
правъ (pravě) |
/ˈprav(ə)/ | straight |
кръґъл (krěgěl) |
/ˈkrɤgɤɫ/ | round |
остръ (ostrě) |
/ˈostr(ə)/ | sharp (as a knife) |
тъп (těp) |
/tɤp/ | dull (as a knife) |
ґладъкъ (gladěkě) |
/ˈgɫadɤk(ə)/ | smooth |
мокър (mokěr) |
/ˈmokɤr/ | wet |
соух (soux) |
/sux/ | dry |
вꙓрьнъ (vjæŕně) |
/ˈvʲæren/ | correct |
нѥвꙓрьнъ (njevjæŕně) |
/ˈɲevʲæren/ | false |
далък (dalěk) |
/ˈdaɫɤk/ | far |
нѥдалък (njedalěk) |
/ˈɲedaɫɤk/ | near |
правъ (pravě) |
/ˈprav(ə)/ | right |
лꙓвъ (ljævě) |
/ˈʎæv(ə)/ | left |
на (na) |
/na/ | at |
съ (sě) |
/s(ə)/ | with |
въ (vě) |
/v(ə)/ | in |
і (i) |
/i/ | and |
й* (j) |
/i̯/ | |
ꙗко (jako) |
/ˈjako/ | if |
їжє (jiže) |
/ˈjiʒe/ | because |
їмѣ (jimæ) |
/ˈjimæ/ | name |
^* When following a vowel
Colour names
Colour | South Ruthenian | English |
---|---|---|
бѣлъ (bælě) |
white | |
хѣдъ (xædě) |
light grey | |
сивъ (sĭvě) |
silver | |
сьѣръ (śærě) |
grey | |
смѫґлъ (smǫglě) |
dark grey | |
чрънъ (črěně) |
black | |
баґъръ (bagěrě) |
crimson | |
рꙑждь (rîžd') |
ginger | |
роудъ (roudě) |
brown | |
смѣдъ (smædě) |
copper/bronze/gold | |
жлътъ (žlětě) |
yellow | |
ґрѣнівъ (grænivě) |
orange | |
чьрвлѥнъ (č'rvljeně) |
red | |
роумѣнъ (roumæně) |
pink | |
сливъ (slĭvě) |
purple | |
синь (sĭnj) |
grey-blue | |
модръ (modrě) |
(dark) blue | |
полвъ (polvě) |
sky blue | |
зєлєнъ (zeleně) |
light green | |
ґрѣнъ (græně) |
(dark) green |
Sample
Old Church Slavonic
Отьчє нашь· ижє ѥси на нєбєсѣхъ ! |
South Ruthenian
Отьчє наш, іжє єси на нєбєсьхъ! |
English
Our Father, who art in heaven, |
"Hey, Slavs" (Regional anthem of Čěrneś):
South Ruthenian
Һєй, Словѣнє, доуша Балканьска Да живі, живі рѣчь Словѣнъ Богъ намъ далъ Да жє ї жє ль бѭть, стати ћємъ твьрді |
English
Hey Slavs, Balkan soul Long, long live the word of Slavs God gave us Even if they strike, we will stand firm |
"Long live, free Arcadia" (adaptation of the Ukrainian folk song „Хай живе, вільна Україна“, aka „Червона калина“):
Ukrainian (original)
Як у Цареграді, славних козаченків, Приспів Як вороги кляті нас на кіл саджали, Приспів Хто живе на світі і хто жити буде, Приспів (3х) |
South Ruthenian
Ꙗко въ Ќѣсарьґордѣ, славьнъїхъ Римьскъ, Припѣтъ Һай живѣієть, живѣієть вольнаꙗ Аркаꙉіꙗ. Ꙗко дүшмані клѧті насъ на колъ сажалі, Припѣтъ Къто живѣієть на свѣтѣ й къто живѣти бѫдєть Припѣтъ (3х) |
English
As in Constantinople, of the glorious Romans, Refrain As the damned enemies put us on the stake, Refrain He who lives in the world and who will live Refrain (3х) |
"Hey, falcons" (adaptation of the Polish-Ukrainian folk song „Hej, Sokoły“ („Гей, соколи“), aka „Żal za Ukrainą“ or „Na zielonej Ukrainie“):
Polish (original)
Hej, tam gdzieś z nad czarnej wody Refren Hej, hej, hej sokoły! Wiele dziewcząt jest na świecie, Refren Ona jedna tam została, Refren Żal, żal za dziewczyną, Refren Wina, wina, wina dajcie! Refren |
Polish (transliteration)
Гэй, там гдзесь з над чарнэй воды Рэфрэн Гэй, гэй, гэй соколы! Веле дзевчѫт ест на сьвеце, Рэфрэн Она една там зостала, Рэфрэн Жаль, жаль да дзевчынѫ, Рэфрэн Віна, віна, віна дайце! Рэфрэн |
Ukrainian (original)
Гей, десь там, де чорні води, Приспів Гей! Гей! Гей, соколи! У світі багато дівчат, Приспів Вона бідна там лишилась, Приспів Жаль, жаль за милою, Приспів Меду, вина наливайте Приспів |
Belarusian (original)
Гэй, над рэчкай, над чарненькай, Прыпеў Гэй, гэй, гэй саколы! У свеце шмат дзяўчат, Прыпеў Засталася ў любым краі Прыпеў Жаль, жаль, па дзяўчыне, Прыпеў Мёду, мёду, мёду дайце, Прыпеў |
Slovak (original)
Hej kdesi tam z čiernej vody Refrén Hej, hej, hej sokoly Veľa dievčat je na svete Refrén Ona sama tam zostala, Refrén Žialim, žialim za dievčinou Refrén Vína, vína, vína dajte Refrén |
Slovak (transliteration)
Гей кдесі там з чєрней води Рефре́н Гей, гей, гей соколи Вельа дєвчат є на свете Рефре́н Она сама там зостала, Рефре́н Жялім, жялім за дєвчіноу Рефре́н Ві́на, ві́на, ві́на дайте Рефре́н |
South Ruthenian
Һєй, тамо нѣкъдѣ їз надъ чьрнꙑѩ водꙑ Припѣтъ Һєй, һєй, һєй соколі! Мъноґо дѣвић єсть на мирѣ, Припѣтъ Она єдіна тамъ остала, Припѣтъ Жаль, жаль бо дѣвицѫ, Припѣтъ Вина, вина, вина дадіте! Припѣтъ |
English
Lo there, somewhere from above black waters, Refrain Hey, hey, hey falcons! There are many girls in the world, Refrain She alone remained there, Refrain Sorrow, sorrow for that girl, Refrain Wine, wine, give me wine! Refrain |