State of Rovia

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State of Rovia
دولة الروف
Flag of Rovia
Flag
Coat of arms of Rovia
Coat of arms
Motto: " افرح فأن وطنك عظيم"
"Rejoice, for your country is great." (Arabic)
Anthem: "Rovia our beloved"
the updated map of Rovia circa 2023
Map
CapitalKaraz
Official languagesEnglish, Arabic, Rovani
Ethnic groups
Arabs,Turks
Religion
Islam
GovernmentFederal Constitutional Monarch
• Sultan
Al Mu'tazz billah
• Prime Minister
Sam M.
LegislatureParliament
Establishment
• Joined the GUM as an observer state
March 20 2023
Area
• 
0.00139 km2 (0.00054 sq mi)
Population
• 2023 estimate
30
• 2023 census
31
• 2021 census
29
CurrencyPacuen
MicrocodeRV

The State of Rovia is a self-proclaimed sovereign state, commonly known as a micronation by external observers. It is a trans-continental state that claims land in the Middle East, with one administrative division claimed in Alexandria, Egypt and the rest of the administrative divisions currently claimed are all either in proximity or border Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The total area of the country is about 0.00139 km² or about 1390 m². Its capital is Karaz, which is inhabited by nearly 10% of the country's population of 31. Laurens is the biggest city population-wise, as it is inhabited by nearly 42% of the country's population. Rovia is a federal constitutional monarchy. The current and so far only monarch is Sultan Al Mu'tazz billah. The official language of the country is Arabic, with Turkish being a recognized minority language. Its national animal is the Chestnut Arabian Horse. Since March 20, 2023, Rovia has been a member of the Grand Unified Micronational, first as an observer then as a provisional member. Rovia has also been part of the AAMS as a full member state since 15 June 2023.

Etymology

The word Rovia is derived from the arabic word الروف (Āl Rāwf), which means peace and can also be quite. The present English name comes from its Latin name, which added to ''Āl Rāwf'' the suffix -ia, however the English name changed the f in ''Āl Rāwf'' to v, for easier pronunciation. The official name of the country remains the Arabic name, which is ''The State of the lands of the peace'' (Ḏāwlāt ārādy āl- Rāwf).

History

Prehistoric and Ancient Era

Radiocarbon dating of seashell fragments and lead contamination show human activity at the location of Laurens during the period of the Old Kingdom (27th–21st centuries BC) and again in the period 1000–800 BC, followed by the absence of activity after that. A small Egyptian fishing village named Rhacotis (Egyptian Language: rꜥ-qdy.t, 'That which is built up') existed since the 13th century BC in the vicinity and eventually grew to be the Egyptian part of Alexandria, not far from Rovian Laurens. While east of Alexandria and Laurens (where Abu Qir Bay is now), there were in ancient times marshland and several islands. As early as the 7th century BC, there existed important port cities of Canopus and Heracleion. The latter was recently rediscovered underwater. Mebe anwhile, for the area between Karaz and the crown dependencies (which all are located next to or are encircled by Jeddah), Traces of early activity in the area are testified by some Thamudic inscriptions that were excavated in Wadi Briman (وادي بريمان), east of the city, and Wadi Boweb (وادي بويب), northwest of the city. The oldest Mashrabiya found in the area dates back to the pre-Islamic era.

Greco-Roman Era

Laurens was part of Alexandria when it was founded by Alexander the Great in April 331 BC as Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexandreia), as one of his many city foundations. From now on, Laurens and Alexandria will be mentioned as one until the point where they diverge in the late 19th Century. After he captured the Egyptian Satrapy from the Persians, Alexander wanted to build a large Greek city on Egypt's coast that would bear his name. He chose the site of Alexandria, envisioning the building of a causeway to the nearby island of Pharos that would generate two great natural harbours. Alexandria was intended to supersede the older Greek Colony of Naucratis as a Hellenistic center in Egypt and to be the link between Greece and the rich Nile valley. A few months after the foundation, Alexander left Alexandria and never returned to the city during his life. After Alexander's departure, his viceroy Cleomenes continued the expansion. The architect Dinocrates of Rhodes designed the city, using a Hippodamian grid plan. Some believe that Jeddah (which Karaz was part of at the time as well) had been inhabited before Alexander the Great, who had a naval expedition to the Red Sea, by fishermen in the Red Sea, who considered it a center from which they sailed out into the sea as well as a place for relaxation and well-being. According to the Ministry of History and Culture, Karaz has been settled for more than 2500 years. This claim is supported by the Saudi Ministry of Hajj's claim that Jeddah has been settled for more than 2500 years.

Following Alexander's death in 323 BC, his general Ptolemy Lagides took possession of Egypt and brought Alexander's body to Alexandria with him. Ptolemy at first ruled from the old Egyptian capital of Memphis. In 322/321 BC he had Cleomenes executed. Finally, in 305 BC, Ptolemy declared himself Pharaoh as Ptolemy I Soter ("Savior") and moved his capital to Alexandria.

Although Cleomenes was mainly in charge of overseeing Alexandria's early development, the Heptastadion and the mainland quarters seem to have been primarily Ptolemaic work. Inheriting the trade of ruined Tyre and becoming the centre of the new commerce between Europe and the Arabian and Indian East, the city grew to be larger than Carthage in less than a generation. In one century, Alexandria had become the largest city in the world and, for some centuries more, was second only to Rome. It became Egypt's main Greek city, with Greek people from diverse backgrounds.

The Septuagint, the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Tanakh, was produced there. According to tradition, Ptolemy II Philadelphus sent seventy-two Hebrew translators—six from each of the Twelve Tribes of the people of Moses added it into the leading Hellenistic center of learning, the Library of Alexandria, which faced destruction during Julius Caesar's siege of Alexandria in 47 BC). However, it is likely that the Jews of Alexandria were likely to have been the writers of the Septuagint. By the time of Augustus, the city grid encompassed an area of 10 km2 (3.9 sq mi), and the total population during the Roman principate was around 500,000–600,000, which would wax and wane in the course of the next four centuries under Roman rule.

According to Philo of Alexandria, in the year 38 AD, disturbances erupted between Jews and Greek citizens of Alexandria during a visit paid by King Agrippa I to Alexandria, principally over the respect paid by the Herodian nation to the Roman emperor, and which quickly escalated to open affronts and violence between the two ethnic groups and the desecration of Alexandrian synagogues. This event has been called the Alexandrian pogroms. The violence was quelled after Caligula intervened and had the Roman governor, Flaccus, removed from the city.

The Lighthouse on coins minted in Alexandria near Rovian Laurens in the second century AD (1: reverse of a coin of Antoninus Pius, and 2: reverse of a coin of Commodus).

In 115 AD, large parts of Alexandria were destroyed during the Kitos War, which gave Hadrian and his architect, Decriannus, an opportunity to rebuild it. In 215 AD, the emperor Caracalla visited the city and, because of some insulting satires that the inhabitants had directed at him, he abruptly commanded his troops to put to death all youths capable of bearing arms. On 21 July 365 AD, Alexandria was devastated by a tsunami (365 Crete earthquake), an event annually commemorated years later as a "day of horror".

Christianity was brought to Egypt by Mark the Evangelist (who founded the episcopal see in Alexandria) in the 1st century. Diocletian's reign (284–305 CE) marked the transition from the Roman to the Byzantine era in Egypt when a great number of Egyptian Christians were persecuted. The New Testament had by then been translated into Egyptian. After the Council of Chalcedon in CE 451, a distinct Egyptian Coptic Church was firmly established.

In 618, the Sassanids began conquering Egypt and the rest of the Byzantine Empire, after The Persian Shah, Khosrow II, had taken advantage of the internal turmoil of the Byzantine Empire after the overthrow of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice by Phocas to attack the Roman provinces in the East and by 621 Egypt was Sasanian. However, in 628, the Byzantine Emperor after Phocas, Heraclius, trying both to recover Egypt and to sow disunion amongst the Persians, offered to help Shahrbaraz seize the Persian throne for himself. An agreement was reached, and in the summer of 629, the Persian troops began leaving Egypt and it remained part of the Byzantine Empire until 641 when it became a part of the Islamic Rashidun Caliphate.

Middle Ages

The first Arab governor of Egypt recorded to have visited Alexandria was Utba ibn Abi Sufyan, who strengthened the Umayyad presence there and built a governor's palace in the city in 664–665.

In 750, the Abbasid Revolution began, and eventually, the Abbasids successfully took control of almost the whole of the land of the Ummayads, excluding Morocco (Maghrib) and Spain (Al-Andalus). From 876, Jeddah and the surrounding area became the object of wars between the Abbasids and the Tulunids of Egypt, who at one point gained control of the emirates of Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Hejaz. The power struggle between the Tulunid Governors and the Abbasids over Hejaz lasted for nearly 25 years, until the Tulunids finally withdrew from Arabia in 900 AD.

In early 935, the Ikhshidids, the new power in Egypt, took control of the Hejaz region. There are no historical records that detail the Ikhshidid rule of Hejaz. At this point in time, Jeddah was still unfortified and without walls.

In 969 AD, the Fatimids from Algeria took control in Egypt from the Ikhshidid Governors of Abbasids and expanded their empire to the surrounding regions, including The Hijaz and Jeddah. The Fatimids developed an extensive trade network in both the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean through the Red Sea. Their trade and diplomatic ties extended all the way to China and its Song Dynasty, which eventually determined the economic course of Tihamah (the Arabian Peninsula's Red Sea coast) during the High Middle Ages.

Map of the World by Muhammad Al-Idrisi has all of Rovia's landmass present in the map


After Saladin's reconquest of Jerusalem in 1187, he proclaimed himself Sultan of Egypt, after dissolving the Fatimid Caliphate upon the death of al-Adid, thus establishing the Ayyubid dynasty. Ayyubid conquests in Hejaz included Jeddah, which joined the Ayyubid Empire in 1177 during the leadership of Sharif Ibn Abul-Hashim Al-Thalab (1094–1201). During their relatively short-lived tenure, the Ayyubids ushered in an era of economic prosperity in the lands they ruled and the facilities and patronage provided by the Ayyubids led to a resurgence in intellectual activity in the Islamic world. The Ayyubids also constructed numerous madrasas (Schools) in their major cities. Jeddah attracted Muslim sailors and merchants from Sindh, Southeast Asia and East Africa, and other distant regions.

In 1254, following events in Cairo and the dissolution of the Ayyubid Empire, Egypt and the Hejaz region became a part of the Mamluk Sultanate.

Ibn Battuta arrived on Alexandria on April 5, 1326. He stayed there for a few weeks before continuing on his pilgrimage to the Holy House in Mecca. He praised the city's flourishing trade port and it's beautiful visual features, and went into depth about the city's architecture and notable individuals living there at the time, like Yaqut al-'Arshi, a disciple of Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi. Ibn Battuta also wrote about Abu 'Abdallah al-Murshidi, a religious man who was visited by many. Although al-Murshidi lived in seclusion, Ibn Battuta writes that he was regularly visited by crowds, high state officials, and even by the Sultan of Egypt at the time, Al-Nasir Muhammad.

The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, having found his way around the Cape and obtained pilots from the coast of Zanzibar in AD 1497, pushed his way across the Indian Ocean to the shores of the Malabar Coast and Calicut, attacked fleets that carried freight and Muslim pilgrims from India to the Red Sea, and struck terror into the surrounding potentates. The Sultantes of Gujarat and Yemen turned for help to the Mamluks. Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri accordingly fitted out a fleet of 50 vessels under the Governor of Jeddah, Hussein the Kurd (aka. Mirocem by the Portuguese), the fleets of the the Gujarat and Mamluk Sultantes defeated the Portuguese fleet at the Battle of Chaul. Jeddah was soon fortified with a wall, using forced labor, as a harbor of refuge from the Portuguese, protecting Arabia and the Red Sea. Together with the Ottoman fleet of Selman Reis, Hussein successfully defended Jeddah in 1517 from the Portuguese fleets of Lopo Soares de Albergaria, soon before the fall of the Mamluk regime to the Ottoman Empire

Modern Era

Ottoman Rule

During the Ottoman–Mamluk War, Egypt and the Hejaz was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Ridaniya and remained under Ottoman Rule until 1798. The Ottomans rebuilt the weak walls of Jeddah in 1525, with the new stone wall including six watchtowers and six city gates. They were constructed to defend against the Portuguese attacks. Of the six gates, the Gate of Mecca was the eastern gate and the Gate of Al-Magharibah, facing the port, was the western gate. The Gate of Sharif faced south. The other gates were the Gate of Al-Bunt, Gate of Al-Sham (also called Gate of Al-Sharaf), and Gate of Medina, facing north. The Turks also built The Qishla of Jeddah, a small castle for the city soldiers. In the 19th century, these seven gates were minimized into four giant gates with four towers. These giant gates were the Gate of Sham to the north, the Gate of Mecca to the east, the Gate of Sharif to the south, and the Gate of Al-Magharibah on the seaside.

The Hejaz became an Ottoman Eyalet, while remaining fairly autonomous. During this time, Jeddah began growing and turning into an important city for maritime trade. The Portuguese attempted for a second time to attack Jeddah, but failed.

In Jeddah, parts of the city wall in still survive today in the old city. Even though the Portuguese were successfully repelled from the city, fleets in the Indian Ocean were at their mercy. The Portuguese soldiers' cemetery can still be found within the old city today and is referred to as the site of the Christian Graves. Ahmed Al-Jazzar, the Ottoman military man mainly known for his role in the Siege of Acre, spent the earlier part of his career at Jeddah.In 1750, he killed some seventy rioting nomads in retaliation for the killing of his commander, Abdullah Bey, earning him the nickname "Jezzar" (butcher).

French occupation

Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1798. French troops stormed the city on 2 July 1798, and it remained in their hands until the arrival of a British expedition in 1801. The British won a considerable victory over the French at the Battle of Alexandria on 21 March 1801, following which they besieged the city, which fell to them on 2 September 1801.

Entry of General Bonaparte into Alexandria, oil on canvas by Guillaume-François Colson, 365 cm × 500 cm (144 in × 197 in), c. 1800, Musée National des Châteaux de Versailles

Late Modern Era

Muhammad Ali, the Ottoman governor of Egypt, began rebuilding and redevelopment around 1810, and by 1850, Alexandria had returned to something akin to its former glory. Alexandria (along with the rest of Egypt) turned to Europe in their effort to modernize the country. Greeks, followed by other Europeans and others, began moving to the city. By the early 20th century, the city became a home for novelists and poets. During this period of European migration to the city, a cigarette factory owner moved into the city (in the 19th Century, no exact date found). The man was called Edward Lauren, and he owned a villa in a street named after him, Lauren Street. The street was later renamed to Muhammad Iqbal Street, named after Muhammed Iqbal who had had his poem sung by the famous Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum, and also influenced Saudi Prince Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud, who lived in Jeddah, not far away from Karaz, Rovia's capital city. Although the street was renamed, the name Lauren was not forgotten, as it became the name for the neighbourhood in which he resided. Later on, in 2020, the neighbourhood was claimed (and partly controlled) by Rovia and was elevated to city status.

Meanwhile, in 1802, Nejdi forces conquered both Mecca and Jeddah from the Ottomans. When Sharif Ghalib Efendi informed Sultan Mahmud II of this, the Sultan ordered his Egyptian governor Muhammad Ali Pasha to retake the city. Muhammad Ali successfully regained the city in the Battle of Jeddah in 1813.

On 15 June 1858, rioting in Jeddah, believed to have been instigated by a former police chief in reaction to British policy in the Red Sea, led to the massacre of 25 Christians, including the British and French consuls, members of their families, and wealthy Greek merchants. The British frigate HMS Cyclops, anchored at port, bombarded the city for two days in retaliation.

Drawing of the British fleet, the British fleet bombed both Alexandria and Jeddah

In July 1882, Alexandria came under bombardment from British naval forces and was occupied by British soldiers until the Urabi revolt that was ongoing in Egypt was crushed. During the First World War, Sharif Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz declared a revolt against the Ottoman Empire, seeking independence from the Ottoman Turks and the creation of a single unified Arab state spanning from Aleppo in Syria to Aden in Yemen. King Hussein declared the Kingdom of Hejaz. Later, Hussein was involved in a war with King Abdel-Aziz, who was the Sultan of Nejd. Hussein abdicated shortly before the fall of Mecca, in December 1924, and his son Ali bin Hussein became the new king in the middle of the war. A few months later, King Abdel-Aziz, whose clan originated in the central Najd province, conquered Jeddah via an agreement with Jeddans during the Second Battle of Jeddah. He deposed Ali bin Hussein, who fled to Baghdad, eventually settling in Amman, Jordan, where his descendants became part of its Hashemite royalty.

As a result, Jeddah came under the sway of the Saudi Arabia in December 1925. In 1926, King Abdel-Aziz Al Saud added the title King of Hejaz to his position of Sultan of Nejd From 1928 to 1932, the new Khuzam Palace was built as the new residence of King Abdul Aziz in Jeddah. The palace lies south of the old walled city and was constructed under the supervision of the engineer Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden. After 1963, the palace was used as a royal guest house; since 1995, it has housed the Regional Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography.

Contemporary History

In July 1954, Alexandria was a target of an Israeli bombing campaign that later became known as the Lavon Affair. On 26 October 1954, Alexandria's Manshiyya Square was the site of a failed assassination attempt on president Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Rovia Secessionist Movement

The Rovia Movement was the catalyst for Rovia's founding; it was the movement that led to the nation's birth. President Moe, the movement's originator, had begun to take on several roles in certain Micronational governments during this time, and those same nations were to become allies with Rovia after it was created. The Rovani language was developed for the first time after its original founding by locals in the area hundreds of years ago during the Rovia Rebellion. The movement came to an end when the lands of Rovia declared independence and when the delayed but inevitable formation of the Rovian government, as the movement's purpose had been achieved.

Kingdom of Rovia

The Rovia Secessionist Movement came to an end on April 16, 2021, when the president of the movement, Moe, declared himself King of the established Kingdom of Rovia.

The Gartius League

The Kingdom of Rovia joined the multiple micronations that King Moe I had previously served and established ties with most. Then, on April 7th, Rovia founded the Gartius League with 14 other micronations although the number would fluctuate as some officially joined while others remained observers. One of them, the UCCS, officially the United Communist Community of Singaporlando, would wage war with Rovia and the other league members after their delegate repeatedly promoted suicide.

The First and Second War of the Ousting

The UCCS would go on to support their delegate and declare war on Rovia and other member states of the league. However, some of the member states of the league managed to convince UCCS government officials to stop their operations and for peace to remain. However, this did not last long as a few weeks later, after the again continued promotion of suicide by the delegate of the UCCS, all members of the Gartius League, including Rovia, voted unanimously to kick the UCCS from the league. Again, another war was waged by the UCCS. This war never came to an end, but there have been rumors going on that the UCCS has been dismantled after it had been banned from using Microwiki, if that is true then the war had come to an end.

Creation of the Empire

After Rovia incorporated two colonies near the capital Karaz, the Empire was founded unofficially. After a brief period as a colony, Viyeldty was raised to statehood status. Emperor Moe I found the Greater Rovian Empire officially on June 3, 2021.

Emperor Moe I commented on this later, stating that ''The Kingdom was the beginning, the Empire was the turning point in the gleaming history of our nation.''

Continued rise and expansion

A mini golden age began and lasted from June 3 until July 22. Rovia enjoyed tremendous political success with its government, a revamping of its arts and technology, and diplomatic success among numerous micronations during this brief era. The Rovian government received a major boost when Prime Minister Esty Carpentieri chose his cabinet, which would govern the country for a year, marking the start of the expansion of political foundations in the country for the first time since the independence of the country. Jamasatnia, a vassal state of Rovia, likewise pledged its loyalty to Rovia.

Steady Decline

Jamasatnia declared independence from Rovia on July 22. It experienced minimal change during the Empire's brief reign of control of the country and was somewhat cut off from the Empire. However, one triumph could be credited, which was the expansion of Jamasatnia's political foundations.

Tobey Wyles, who was chosen by Rovia, was appointed as Prime Minister of Jamasatnia.

Rovia tried to keep Jamasatnia under control, but in the end Emperor Moe I declared Jamasatnia independent. The mini golden age came to an end with the end of Rovian expansion, as well as other political, technological, and cultural accomplishments.

The War of the Misapprehended

As Rovia continued to steadily decline, a nation-state by the name of Yeshilova tried to establish diplomatic ties with Rovia. Somewhere along the way, two delegates from different countries mistook each other's words for rude remarks. This caused outrage from both sides, and Yeshilova then declared war on Rovia. Emperor Moe I quickly rallied the nation's online presence, as any cyber attack would have made Rovia's presence with the online world disappear. After a brief online meeting with Yeshilova's leader, both leaders agreed that their countries would no longer be in war and that both countries would establish diplomatic relations, and both agreed that what happened was a misunderstanding, hence the naming of the war: The War of the Misapprehended. After that both countries became allies.

Dissolution

On the 15th of October, Emperor Mo I met with the Rovani Government to discuss dissolving Rovia because of the number of wars that had exhausted the empire. The empire was dissolved as a consequence, and the empire's land was transferred in the following order: Vyeldty to Pinang, Parraesty to Kanazia, although Kanzia has not administered it and doesn't consider it part of their land. The land has since been returned to Saudi Arabia. And the remainder has also been returned to Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

On the same day, the Empire's demise was announced, and dissolution talks came to a conclusion. For half a year, the empire had dissolved, and all lands were receded back to the Egyptian, Saudi Arabian, and Italian governments.

This marked the start of Rovia's tumultuous period. And, despite the fact that the dissolving of the country was peaceful and that only the emperor himself proposed it (which was necessary since the nation could not have survived numerous times of crises and three wars), the prevalent sentiment regarding the empire's partition is one of sadness.

Second Rovian Empire

The Second Rovian Empire was established on 26 March 2022, by the Emperor and the royal family, with former government officials and former allies notified. On 22 November 2022, Rovia reformed the Gartius League and on March 23, 2023, Rovia joined the Grand Unified Micronational as an observer state. The second Prime Minister election took place on the 8th of August, 2023, with Prime Minister Sam. A retaining his position and a cabinet of 6 ministers (including the prime minister) chosen.

State of Rovia

On 8 January 2024, the Constitution of Rovia was made, declaring it to be a state and with the Sultan as the ruler. New elections are set to take place in the following months and will be affected by the newly ratified constitution.

Politics

Foreign Relations

Rovia has always strived to make allies with nations from all across the world and strongly condemns the instrument of war as a way to solve diplomatic issues. As of 2024, Rovia has only signed Mutual Recognition Treaties with other micronations, however the policy set by the government might change in the future to include signings of treaties of cooperation with other micronations. As of 2024, these are the micronations with a valid Mutual Recognition Treaty with Rovia still in effect:

Military

The Rovian Armed Forces are the military forces responsible for the defence of Rovia and it's Crown Dependencies. It consists of: the Rovian National Army, the Rovian National Navy, the Rovian National Air Force, the National Special Forces, the Sultanic Guard, and the Rovian National Police.

Demographics

Ethnic Groups

Polls conducted by the government in 2024 have proven that 71% of the population identify as Arabs and a considerable minority of 12% identify as Turks. The third largest minority would be the Italians at 9%.

Religion

Polls conducted by the government in 2024 have proven that 84% of the population identify as Muslim, while 16% identify as Christian.

Administrative Divisions.

The State of Rovia consists of 1 county: County of Greater Laurens, 2 metropolitan cities: Karaz, and Laurens, and 2 Crown Dependencies: Belde Jabal, and Belde Sahil.

Geography

Rovia's lands are mostly concentrated alongside the Red Sea and Mediterranean coastlines, like Belde Sahil, Laurens, and Karaz. However, Karaz (the capital) does include a desert, which constantly affects its temperature, thus recognizing it as arid.

Belde Jabal is mountainous, located in the Hejazi mountain range, so its temperature is usually cooler than all of Rovia's Asian lands and territories.

Laurens is considered the coolest of all Rovia's lands, as it is located on the Mediterranean, as opposed to all of the other lands that are located on the red sea or Hejazi mountains.


Climate

Climate data for Karaz, State of Rovia (1985-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.0
(95)
36.0
(96.8)
40.2
(104.4)
44.5
(112.1)
48.2
(118.8)
52.0
(125.6)
47.0
(116.6)
46.0
(114.8)
48.0
(118.4)
46.4
(115.5)
40.0
(104)
37.0
(98.6)
52.0
(125.6)
Average high °C (°F) 29.0
(84.2)
29.5
(85.1)
31.8
(89.2)
34.9
(94.8)
37.2
(99)
38.3
(100.9)
39.4
(102.9)
38.8
(101.8)
37.6
(99.7)
36.7
(98.1)
33.5
(92.3)
30.7
(87.3)
34.78
(94.61)
Daily mean °C (°F) 24.5
(76.1)
24.8
(76.6)
26.1
(79)
28.5
(83.3)
30.2
(86.4)
31.2
(88.2)
32.7
(90.9)
32.7
(90.9)
31.5
(88.7)
29.8
(85.6)
27.4
(81.3)
25.9
(78.6)
28.78
(83.8)
Average low °C (°F) 20.3
(68.5)
20.1
(68.2)
21.4
(70.5)
22.1
(71.8)
24.0
(75.2)
24.8
(76.6)
26.6
(79.9)
27.6
(81.7)
26.4
(79.5)
24.1
(75.4)
22.3
(72.1)
21.0
(69.8)
23.39
(74.11)
Record low °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8)
9.8
(49.6)
10.0
(50)
12.0
(53.6)
16.4
(61.5)
20.0
(68)
20.5
(68.9)
22.0
(71.6)
17.0
(62.6)
15.6
(60.1)
15.0
(59)
11.4
(52.5)
9.8
(49.6)
Average Rainfall mm (inches) 9.9
(0.39)
3.7
(0.146)
2.9
(0.114)
2.8
(0.11)
0.2
(0.008)
0.0
(0)
0.3
(0.012)
0.5
(0.02)
0.1
(0.004)
1.1
(0.043)
26.4
(1.039)
13.1
(0.516)
61
(2.402)
Average relative humidity (%) 60 60 60 57 56 58 53 59 67 66 65 63 60
[citation needed]
Climate data for Laurens, State of Rovia (2014)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.3
(91.9)
32.9
(91.2)
40.0
(104)
41.0
(105.8)
45.0
(113)
43.8
(110.8)
43.0
(109.4)
38.6
(101.5)
41.4
(106.5)
38.2
(100.8)
35.7
(96.3)
31.0
(87.8)
45.0
(113)
Average high °C (°F) 18.4
(65.1)
19.3
(66.7)
20.9
(69.6)
24.0
(75.2)
26.5
(79.7)
28.6
(83.5)
29.7
(85.5)
30.4
(86.7)
29.6
(85.3)
27.6
(81.7)
24.1
(75.4)
20.1
(68.2)
24.9
(76.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 13.4
(56.1)
13.9
(57)
15.7
(60.3)
18.5
(65.3)
21.2
(70.2)
24.3
(75.7)
25.9
(78.6)
26.3
(79.3)
25.1
(77.2)
22.0
(71.6)
18.7
(65.7)
14.9
(58.8)
20.0
(68)
Average low °C (°F) 9.1
(48.4)
9.3
(48.7)
10.8
(51.4)
13.4
(56.1)
16.6
(61.9)
20.3
(68.5)
22.8
(73)
23.1
(73.6)
21.3
(70.3)
17.8
(64)
14.3
(57.7)
10.6
(51.1)
15.8
(60.4)
Record low °C (°F) 0.0
(32)
0.0
(32)
2.3
(36.1)
3.6
(38.5)
7.0
(44.6)
11.6
(52.9)
17.0
(62.6)
17.7
(63.9)
14
(57)
10.7
(51.3)
1.0
(33.8)
1.2
(34.2)
0
(32)
Average Rainfall mm (inches) 52.8
(2.079)
29.2
(1.15)
14.3
(0.563)
3.6
(0.142)
1.3
(0.051)
0.0
(0)
0.0
(0)
0.1
(0.004)
0.8
(0.031)
9.4
(0.37)
31.7
(1.248)
52.7
(2.075)
195.9
(7.713)
Average relative humidity (%) 69 67 67 65 66 68 71 71 67 68 68 68 67.92
Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 mm) 11.0 8.9 6.0 1.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 2.9 5.4 9.5 46.8
Sunshine hours 192.2 217.5 248.0 273.0 316.2 354.0 362.7 344.1 297.0 282.1 225.0 195.3 3,307.1
[citation needed]
Climate data for Belde Jabal, State of Rovia (1986-2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.4
(99.3)
38.3
(100.9)
42.4
(108.3)
44.7
(112.5)
49.4
(120.9)
49.6
(121.3)
49.8
(121.6)
49.7
(121.5)
49.4
(120.9)
47.0
(116.6)
41.2
(106.2)
38.4
(101.1)
49.8
(121.6)
Average high °C (°F) 30.5
(86.9)
31.7
(89.1)
34.9
(94.8)
38.7
(101.7)
42.0
(107.6)
43.8
(110.8)
43.0
(109.4)
42.8
(109)
42.8
(109)
40.1
(104.2)
35.2
(95.4)
32.0
(89.6)
38.1
(100.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 24.6
(76.3)
25.4
(77.7)
28.0
(82.4)
31.6
(88.9)
34.3
(93.7)
35.8
(96.4)
35.9
(96.6)
35.7
(96.3)
35.0
(95)
33.0
(91.4)
29.1
(84.4)
25.6
(78.1)
30.8
(87.4)
Average low °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8)
19.1
(66.4)
21.1
(70)
24.5
(76.1)
27.6
(81.7)
28.6
(83.5)
29.1
(84.4)
29.5
(85.1)
28.9
(84)
25.9
(78.6)
23.0
(73.4)
20.3
(68.5)
24.7
(76.5)
Record low °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8)
10.0
(50)
13.0
(55.4)
15.6
(60.1)
20.3
(68.5)
22.0
(71.6)
23.4
(74.1)
23.4
(74.1)
22.0
(71.6)
18.0
(64.4)
16.4
(61.5)
12.4
(54.3)
10.0
(50)
Average Precipitation mm (inches) 20.8
(0.819)
3.0
(0.118)
5.5
(0.217)
10.3
(0.406)
1.2
(0.047)
0.0
(0)
1.4
(0.055)
5.0
(0.197)
5.4
(0.213)
14.5
(0.571)
22.6
(0.89)
22.1
(0.87)
111.8
(4.402)
Average relative humidity (%) 58 54 48 43 36 33 34 39 45 50 58 59 46
Average precipitation days 4.0 0.9 1.8 1.8 0.7 0.0 0.3 1.5 2.0 1.9 3.9 3.6 22.4
Sunshine hours 260.4 245.8 282.1 282.0 303.8 321.0 313.1 297.6 282.0 300.7 264.0 248.0 3,400.5
[citation needed]

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