Parliamentary system
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Feudalism • Plutocracy • Timocracy • Doctrinism (Base • United • Division • Evolutionary) |
A parliamentary system or parliamentary republic or parliamentary democracy is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislature, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament.
Countries with parliamentary republics may be constitutional monarchies, where a monarch is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a member of parliament (such as Adammia, Austenasia, Essexia, The HKR, and Abelden) or parliamentary republics, where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is regularly from the legislature (such as New Virginia). In a few parliamentary republics, the head of government is also head of state and is a member of parliament. In bicameral parliaments, the head of government is generally, though not always, a member of the lower house.
Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency
Countries with parliamentary republics may refer to having an executive presidency, where a President is the Head of State and Head of Government, and the legislature is the Parliament.
Sambrinia
In the case of Sambrinia, the President of Sambrinia is elected through a popular vote system, representing a political party. The Parliament of Sambrinia is elected by the people, representing a political party, and a province.
Semi-parliamentary system
Semi-parliamentary system can refer to either a prime-ministerial system, in which voters simultaneously vote for both members of the legislature and the prime minister, or to a system of government in which the legislature is split into two parts that both elect members of the executive.
Gradonia
In the case of the Kingdom of Gradonia, each house of the legislature elects a head that serves in the Cabinet, which is headed by the monarch. The President of the Council of Electors has the explicit power to veto the decrees of the monarch and remove the Supreme Judge, who is appointed by the monarch. While the powers of the elected Consul of the Konlichstag are implied, both the Consul and President are accountable by a vote of no confidence in their respective houses.