Nissiian language

Nissiian
[Niyīmal] , [Niyimēī malhwan]
Pronunciation	ni-YEE-mahl
Native to	United States of Mekniy and Lurk
Ethnicity	Mekniyans
Language family	Indo-European Italo-Celtic Boyoheum languages Ilmekniy Nissiian languages Nissiian
Writing system	Latin script (Nissiian alphabet) Ssalba
Official status
Official language in	Mekniy
Regulated by	Mekniyan National University of Nākal Hanunkx
SMSA 2004-1	ns
SMSA 2004-2	nsm
CSO 20A01-2	ns_FE
CSO 20A01-3	nsm_FE

Nissiian (in nissiian Niyīmal) is a Boyoheum languages semi-inflective language that is one of the official languages of the United States of Mekniy and Lurk. It is one of the most advanced languages in Central European micronational space. The language is standardized by the Mekniyan National University of Nakāl Hanunkx.

History of Nissiian

Modern Nissian language is based on the new Nissian language, a language that dates back to protoboyoheum, a theoretical language that is ancestor to, in addition to Nissian, Radoslavic Jesenian. Praboyoheumian was referred as the language of proto-Mekniyans in the legend of Ojineo. The language was strongly related to Celtic languages. In the legend, the language is referred to as "mōdnumida", linguists assume that the word mōdnu comes from Korean 모듬 (modeum - mixed), the word "mida" was used to refer to proto-Mekniyans. The language was then separated from proto-Jesenian in approximately the 1st century AD. Further development meant the separation of the Niyi and Esagitiyeo branches, which, however, died out and was replaced by Niyi-Esagitiyeo branch. The new, Niyi-influenced, Esagitiye branch separated again later. The Niyi branch was divided into two sub-branches, the Tyormyar and Niyimyal (Thornian and Nissian). In modern times there are two languages in the esagitiyeo branch, lower and higher esagitian and three languages in the Nissian branch, Nissian, Thornian, Konissiian and Nissian-dialect Bobanian.

Origin

Nissian, as already mentioned, is based on the theoretical boyoheumian language. According to linguists fro the University of Nākal Hanunkx, the boyoheum language mōdnumida (sometimes written módejda in the Radoslavic context) was a Celtic language that could have been strongly influenced by the old Korean language, especially in the Ilbunila and Beurgila lands.

Celtic theory

The Celtic ground theory is based on the strong similarity of Nissian to today's insular Celtic languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Manx, Breton, etc.). Linguists assume that when the retinue of Hanunkx arrived, Bohemia and Moravia were inhabited by the original inhabitants - Celts - Boii tribe. This could mean that today's Nissian, Jesenian, Loryngian, etc. can be direct descendants of the original Boii language. Also noteworthy is the similarity to Latin, which is related to Celtic languages.

English	Jesenian	Nissiian	Thornian	Gaulic*	Welsh	Scottish Gaelic	Irish	Latin	Greek
friend	komerád	āmeiko	ameiko	caranđ	ffrind	caraid	cara	amicum	fílos
horse	ekvoj	ejo / kahyain / marko	ejho / kahain / mhalho	epos	ceffyl	each	capall	equo	álogo
white	alpoj / kjikodoj	alveo	alwo	abel	gwyn	alba	bán	alba	lefkó
mother in law	sejkús	sveokxoru	sobekoru	-	chwegr	màthair-chèile	máthair mo chéile	socrus	ekurā
beard	parto	bbarddo	bardo	grenon	barf	feusag	féasóg	barba	geneiáda
one	oiraj	iino	iinho	oinos	un	aon	ceann	unum	éna
two	dvou	deobo	doboii	dum	dau	dhà	beirt	duo	dýo
three	trejes	teareyes	trehes	tri	tri	trì	triúr	tribus	tría
four	kodrijes	cherabaes	herabus	petri	pedwar	ceithir	ceathrar	quattuor	téssera
power	galraj	galno / kūbeao	galnho	galno	pwer	cumhachd	cumhacht	imperium	ischýos
fish	harujoruj	pisteukiseoyeot	pisoho	ēscos	pysqodyn	iasg	iasc	piscis	psária
teeth	zupen	lintinnae / dantinnae	lintisoho / dantisoho	dant	dannedd	fiaclan	fiacla	dentes	dóntia
milk	glakti	galaktū / molgea	hapakti	melgos	llaeth	bainne	bainne	lactis	gála
house	dáraj	dol	dohol	tigern	ty	taigh	teach	domum	spíti
lip	ćilnán	kxelgyeu	kelghu	-	gwefus	bile	liopa	labia	cheíli

* dead language

Phonology

Ejivoyo - vowels

Standard (standard) Nissiian distinguishes between 15 + 3 basic vowel phonemes, 4 diphthongs and 8 glottalized diphthongs. These sounds include:

• Vowels: a, e, i, o, u, ea, ae, eo, eu
• Long vowels: ā, ē, ī, ō, ū
• Soft (patalized) vowels: yae (ye), yeo, yeu
• Diphthongs: ai, ei, ao, oa (today replaced by hwa)
• Glotalized diphthongs: aa, ee (aee), ii, oo (eoo), uu (euu)

In closed vowels (e, o, u), the form of voices is often applied in ordinary speech, where closed vowels are pronounced openly (eg the word jon - jeon, du pessae kloreuNi - deu paessae kleoreuNi). In modern Nissian, glottalized diphthongs, which are pronounced unglotalized with an accent, also undergo assimilation. Glotalized pronunciation is required in Sacred Nissian.

Pxangavoyo - consonants

In modern standard Nissian, consonants are divided into the so-called ssalmeol (table of characters). Each line corresponds to the phonological attributes of the given phoneme.

Ssalmeol
px	tx	kx
p	t	k		pp	tt	kk
b	d	g		bb	dd	gg
m	n	ng		mm	nn
s	c	h		ss	cc
sh	ch	j
sx	cx	x
r	l	y		rr	ll	yy
rh	v	hw			vv

Ssalmeol roughly resembles the classical division of consonants used by linguists.

Location of Nissiian pxangavoyo in the IPA table

		Labial	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Patalal	Velar	Labio-velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n			ng
Plosive	aspirated	px	tx			kx
	voiceless	p	t			k		ea
	voiced	b	d			g
Affricate	aspirated			cx
	voiceless		c	ch
	voiced			j
Fricative	aspirated			sx
	voiceless		s	sh		x
	voiced	v	(ss)					h
Vibrant	standard		r
	fricative		rh
Approximant			l		y		hw

Ortography

Nissian is officially written in the Nissian alphabet (alpabaeta, formerly ababeba). It is written in ssalba in traditional and spiritual documents, some states (Niyi, Esagitia) still use ssalba.

Letter		IPA	English approximation		Digraph/ trigraph		IPA
Uppercase	Lowercase				Uppercase	Lowercase
A	a	/ɑ/	bath (UK)		Ae	ae	/ɛ/
B	b	/b/	bob		Eo	eo	/ɔ/
C	c	/ts/	let's		Eu	eu	/ju/
D	d	/d/	dog		Yae	yae	/jɛ/
E	e	/ɛ/	Eleanor		Yeo	yeo	/jɔ/
F	f	/p/	stop		Yeu	yeu	/jə/
G	g	/dʒ/	George		Sh	sh	/ʃ/
H	h	/h/, /j/	hat, yes		Sx	sx	/ʃʰ/
I	i	/i/	me		Ch	ch	/tʃ/
J	j	/dʒ/	judge		Cx	cx	/tʃʰ/
K	k	/k/	look		Ss	ss	/z/
L	l	/l/	look		Hw	hw	/ʍ/
M	m	/m/	man		Rh	rh	/r̝/
N	n	/n/	noon		Px	px	/pʰ/
O	o				Tx	tx	/tʰ/
P	p	/p/	place		Kx	kx	/kʰ/
R	r	/r/	single tap R
S	s	/s/	stew
T	t	/t/	top
U	u	//	moon
V	v	/v/	vent
W	w	/w/	wait
X	x	/x/	Scottish loch
Y	y	/j/	you
Ʌ	ʌ	/ʌ/	won

Two Nissiian orthographies

Nowadays, Nissian is written in two ways, an old orthography (gerleuNi eokxeivaeNun / ē gerlūī Eokxaeivaen) and a reformed new orthography that seeks to capture Nissian as it is spoken (ē shieobōī Eokxeivaen). Officially, only the old orthography is used, the movement ma hwanida merōī N ad Antōn (I want a simple N at the end) is trying to enforce a reformed orthography next to the old one, which corresponds to the notation of ssalba.

New orthography often brings the use of more accents, such as dots above and below letters and the reduction of graphemes.

Grammar

Nissiian is a semi-inflected language (partly flective) that expresses sentence structure through flexion and many conjunctions. Its syntax is partly reminiscent of, for example, German, or a close language, Irish. The word order is similar to Czech.

Word order

The word order of Nissian is, similarly to Czech, free. Nissian is a so-called pro-drop language, which means that in a sentence it is enough to be just a verb, another sense clarifies the prefixes and suffixes of the verb.

• Mānnnoseon ākgyeuixan mēmsōmeun - The man ate meat
• Mānnnoseon mēmsōmeun ākgyeuixan - The man ate meat (man meat ate)
• Mēmsōmeun ākgyeuixan mānnnoseon - The man ate meat (the meat was eaten by a man)
• Mēmsōmeun mānnnoseon ākgyeuixan - The man ate meat (meat man ate)
• Ākgyeuixan mēmsōmeun mānnnoseon - The man ate meat (ate meat man)
• Ākgyeuixan mānnnoseon mēmsōmeun - The man ate meat (ate man meat)
• Ākgyeuixan mānnnoseon mēmsōmeun? - Did the man eat meat?

Nissian	hwanida-kii	onda-tti	daekvvang-eun	yoddei	Suvulin	leiyae-kau
Gloss	want-3.PL	to visit-INF	university-SG.NOM	where	Suvulin	go-3.SG
English	I want to visit the university, that Suvulin attends

Word types

Nissian distinguishes 10 word types,

• flective
  • inflect - noun (ē nyaaneul), pronoun (ē kxonol)
  • inflecting and escalating - adjectives (ē boonyaaneul)
  • tense - verbs (ē kosemidal)
• non-flective – numerals (ē aritōl), adverbs (kxahyessal), prepositions (antīmidal), conjunctions (ē seryemidal), particles (prsiyaetōmeul) and interjections (eoxesoyael)

Noun gender

Nissian distinguishes two genders, masculine (hard, kreumli) and feminine (soft, nyaeli), the middle gender occurs only in pronouns. The genus can be recognized by the last vowel of the root, in the case of a vowel it is feminine, on the contrary it is masculine, ie: shilo - feminine, ddēmon - masculine, etc. The gender in Nissian is not very important, as it is in Czech, for example.

Inflection

Nissian distinguishes 4 noun cases, nominative, genitive, dative and vocative, which are used in the declension of nouns, pronouns and, in part, adjectives. The basic form of names is the nominative of the singular number, in rare cases the basic form can also be the root.

Skloňování podstatných jmen

Number	Case	Feminine		Masculine				Feminine own name		Masculine own name	Noun case question	Kxeoda	Old ortography	New ortography
		*shilo (water)	*jinā (woman)	*polisoyeot (town)		*ddēmon (faith)		*Shinsegye (Mekniy)		*Voijin (Christopher)
Singular	Nominative	shilon	jinān	polisoyeoteun		ddēmoneun		Shinsegye		Voijin	kxan? pxiseon?	눈	Nun / Eun	n / eun
	Genitive	shilēī	jinānēī	polisoyeotēī	polisoyēī	ddēmonēī	ddēmēī	Shinsegyeēī	Shinsegyēī	Voijinēī	ineu kxanēī?	애	Ei	ēī
	Dative	amShilo	anJinā	anPolisoyeot		anDdēmon		AmShinsegye		AnVoijin	amKxa? amPxiseo?	암	am	am
	Vokative (standard)	shilonim	jinānim	polisoyeotim		ddēmonim		Shinsegyenim		Voijinim	kxahyeon kxanim?	님	Nim	nim / im
	Vokativ (sacred)	ō shilo	ō jinā	ō polisoyeot		ō ddēmon		ō Shinsegye		ō Voijin	kxahyeon ō kxa?	어	ō / ooh	ō
Plural	Nominative	shilol	jināl	polisoyeoteul		ddēmoneul		Shinsegyeē		Voijinē	kxal? pxiseol?	룰	Lul / Eul	l / eul
	Genitive	shilēī	jinānēī	polisoyeotēī	polisoyēī	ddēmonēī	ddēmēī	Shinsegyeēī	Shinsegyēī	Voijinēī	ineu kxanēī?	애	Ei	ēī
	Dative	amShilo	anJinā	anPolisoyeot		anDdēmon		AmShinsegye		AnVoijin	amKxa? amPxiseo?	암	am	am
	Vokative (standard)	shilonai	jinānai	polisoyeotai		ddēmonai		Shinsegyenai		Voijinai	kxahyeon kxanai?	의	Ai	ai
	Vokativ (sacred)	ō shilo	ō jinā	ō polisoyeot		ō ddēmon		ō Shinsegye		ō Voijin	kxahyae ō kxa?	어	ō / ooh	ō

Declensions of adjectives

			Nominative	Genitive	Dative
Feminine	klaeo pattern o, u, i eo, eu	1	moddeunī	moddeunē	naModdeunī
		2	moddeunonī	moddeunanē	naModdeunonī
		3	moddeunostī	moddeunastē	naModdeunostī
	yaesī pattern a, e, ea ae	1	godrossayī	godrossayē	naGodrossayī
		2	godrossanoyī	godrossanoyē	naGodrossanoyī
		3	godrossayostī	godrossayostē	naGodrossayostī
Masculine	dantinnae pattern d, t, n	1	cēlindisoyeotūī	cēlindisoyeotahwē	naCēlindisoyeotūī
		2	cēlindisoyeothwoī	cēlindisoyeotehwūē	naCēlindisoyeothwoī
		3	cēlindisoyeothwaī	cēlindisoyeotihwāē	naCēlindisoyeothwaī
	sa-ca pattern s, c	1	kxasīī	kxasīē	naKxasīī
		2	kxasoī	kxasoē	naKxasoī
		3	kxasosī	kxasosē	naKxasosī
	ātero pattern r, l, h, y, j, m v, b, p, x, g, k	1	siēmnī	siēmnaī	dūSiēmnī
		2	siēmnonī	siēmnonaī	dūSiēmnonī
		3	siēmnostī	siēmnostaī	dūSiēmnostī

Declension of pronouns

Number	Noun case	Personal pronouns
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		I	You	He	She	It
Singular	Nominative	ma	du	kreos	nyaes	nney
	Genitive	maa	dū	sēobio	noli	nēī
	Dative	me	du	nneyden	nneyna	nney
	Vokative (sacred)	ō daema	ō du	ō kreos	ō nyaes	ō nney
Plural	Nominative	inbae	du	sa
	Genitive	insereu	dū	sa
	Dative	asx	du	ney

Verbs and verb tenses

Nissian verbs express 3 tenses: past, present and future. The infinitive consists of the ending -tt

	English	Past tense		Present		Future tense
I	bear	pxaermitteg	p'ermiteg	pxaermitt	p'ermit	pxaermittai	p'ermitaj
You	bear	pxaermaepot	p'ermepot	pxaermesi	p'ermeš	pxaermaepii	p'ermepi
He, She, It	bears	pxaermaexan	p'ermechan	pxaermekau	p'ermekau	pxaermexoīī	p'ermechojí
We	bear	pxaerminneg	p'ermineg	pxaerminn	p'ermin	pxaerminnai	p'erminaj
You (all)	bear	pxaermaebod	p'ermebod	pxaermete	p'ermete	pxaermaebii	p'ermebi
They	bear	pxaermaexen	p'ermechen	pxaermekii	p'ermekí	pxaermexoīī	p'ermechojí

Examples of words

Numerals

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	20	25	100	0
iino	deobo	teare	chera	pinpxe	sēk	seshaa	oktya	shieobin	dekaa	deobata	deobatapinpxe	kasseoso / seot	nura

Days and months

Czech	Nissiian	Ssalba	Origin
January	Kxeiman	二丿丨亍卜눈	From the word kxeimea - winter
February	Jerssean	人丿己孖丶눈	From the word jervve - to shout
March	Caatinen	又不刀丨昍厶눈	From the word yyoreu, formerly caricireu - fresh
April	Apxrīlean	卜汀己亻乚丶눈	From the word April
May	Māyeun	亍卞大눈	From the word may
June	Derkxean	久丿己二丶눈	From the word derkxeuae - to obtain
July	Dessilan	久丿孖丨乚卜눈	From the Esagitian word desre - burn
August	Sxīsan	孓亻了卜눈	From the word shisai - shisai harvested herbs
September	Lēkesseon	乚厂丰丿孖中눈	From the Tiornian word lekehoku - lazy
October	Kōssesseon	丰回孖丿了中눈	From the word koseka - work
November	Nyeonesseon	日丫日丿孖中눈	From the word svnyeo essea - celebration of pigs
December	Noyīsseon	日囗大亻孖中눈	From the word noyī essea - Christmas celebration

Czech	Nissiian	Ssalba	Origin
Monday	Honan	刂囗日卜눈	Formerly byona - the beginning
Tuesday	Dileun	久丨乚눈	is not known
Wednesday	Shipekean	子丨斗丿丰丶눈	From the word shipxinalleo - an endless week
Thursday	Nokin	日囗丰丨눈	is not known
Friday	Norisoyeon	日囗己丨了囗丫눈	Norisoyeo holiday celebration
Saturday	Sabeuteun	了卜丁幵刀눈	Sabbath celebration
Sunday	Idilan	丨久丨乚卜눈	Formerly ideula - from the word teuryae - beginning

Example text

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Nissiian	Ara cxomyaineul nguotkii lēudderonī i someu in pxellomēī i txekterol. Sa dekersokii kaati rtinnaemēī i kōmvisoyeoteutinnaen i moji anta iino ono in ēno bamēī dea brotearianēī.
English	All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

From MBS News

Chexsekse manaseon aiei ōpito sidrngxo. Moji ei īsMeeimi nney rīpeoxan deobo saleul āpxa, i naimeyynaexan ddea Chexseksiamēī Mojin. Chexseksia meeimixan pxom ē eotonomikīnī Dipendessiyeokxoronoī, īsRasska oneul vvakanaīnī kxun in oegugnī mssal, bearteaseun i osta ekonomiyeonī mojimeseul. František Schrodinger, altanī Robeugchexseksa MP, komaent Mojin:“ Kxei est ēno gadssomikīnī saleun pro Yaegugēī āmbīyo teutol dea Esseksia. Inbae kyeosta eikyaenn insereu kxtteanī eobopxseun, insereu kxtteanī īhhon, i insereu kxtteanī ongugeun. ” Terry āpxa apnoxan Tomáš Falešník, Yaegugēī āmbīyo mīkrogugaleun daehadankii īsGeanokyae pxom ēno pxeolitīkeun in Gimnaseogug, pxom Kxoronāprinsseo.

Links

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