Nissiian language
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Nissiian | |
---|---|
[Niyīmal] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: ns (help), [Niyimēī malhwan] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language code: ns (help) | |
Pronunciation | ni-YEE-mahl |
Native to | ![]() |
Ethnicity | Mekniyans |
Latin script (Nissiian alphabet) Ssalba | |
Official status | |
Official language in | ![]() |
Regulated by | Mekniyan National University of Nākal Hanunkx |
SMSA 2004-1 | ns |
SMSA 2004-2 | nsm |
CSO 20A01-2 | ns_FE |
CSO 20A01-3 | nsm_FE |
Nissiian (in nissiian Niyīmal) is a Boyoheum languages semi-inflective language that is one of the official languages of the United States of Mekniy and Lurk. It is one of the most advanced languages in Central European micronational space. The language is standardized by the Mekniyan National University of Nakāl Hanunkx.
History of Nissiian
Modern Nissian language is based on the new Nissian language, a language that dates back to protoboyoheum, a theoretical language that is ancestor to, in addition to Nissian, Radoslavic Jesenian. Praboyoheumian was referred as the language of proto-Mekniyans in the legend of Ojineo. The language was strongly related to Celtic languages. In the legend, the language is referred to as "mōdnumida", linguists assume that the word mōdnu comes from Korean 모듬 (modeum - mixed), the word "mida" was used to refer to proto-Mekniyans. The language was then separated from proto-Jesenian in approximately the 1st century AD. Further development meant the separation of the Niyi and Esagitiyeo branches, which, however, died out and was replaced by Niyi-Esagitiyeo branch. The new, Niyi-influenced, Esagitiye branch separated again later. The Niyi branch was divided into two sub-branches, the Tyormyar and Niyimyal (Thornian and Nissian). In modern times there are two languages in the esagitiyeo branch, lower and higher esagitian and three languages in the Nissian branch, Nissian, Thornian, Konissiian and Nissian-dialect Bobanian.
Origin
Nissian, as already mentioned, is based on the theoretical boyoheumian language. According to linguists fro the University of Nākal Hanunkx, the boyoheum language mōdnumida (sometimes written módejda in the Radoslavic context) was a Celtic language that could have been strongly influenced by the old Korean language, especially in the Ilbunila and Beurgila lands.
Celtic theory
The Celtic ground theory is based on the strong similarity of Nissian to today's insular Celtic languages (Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Manx, Breton, etc.). Linguists assume that when the retinue of Hanunkx arrived, Bohemia and Moravia were inhabited by the original inhabitants - Celts - Boii tribe. This could mean that today's Nissian, Jesenian, Loryngian, etc. can be direct descendants of the original Boii language. Also noteworthy is the similarity to Latin, which is related to Celtic languages.
English | Jesenian | Nissiian | Thornian | Gaulic* | Welsh | Scottish Gaelic | Irish | Latin | Greek |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
friend | komerád | āmeiko | ameiko | caranđ | ffrind | caraid | cara | amicum | fílos |
horse | ekvoj | ejo / kahyain / marko | ejho / kahain / mhalho | epos | ceffyl | each | capall | equo | álogo |
white | alpoj / kjikodoj | alveo | alwo | abel | gwyn | alba | bán | alba | lefkó |
mother in law | sejkús | sveokxoru | sobekoru | - | chwegr | màthair-chèile | máthair mo chéile | socrus | ekurā |
beard | parto | bbarddo | bardo | grenon | barf | feusag | féasóg | barba | geneiáda |
one | oiraj | iino | iinho | oinos | un | aon | ceann | unum | éna |
two | dvou | deobo | doboii | dum | dau | dhà | beirt | duo | dýo |
three | trejes | teareyes | trehes | tri | tri | trì | triúr | tribus | tría |
four | kodrijes | cherabaes | herabus | petri | pedwar | ceithir | ceathrar | quattuor | téssera |
power | galraj | galno / kūbeao | galnho | galno | pwer | cumhachd | cumhacht | imperium | ischýos |
fish | harujoruj | pisteukiseoyeot | pisoho | ēscos | pysqodyn | iasg | iasc | piscis | psária |
teeth | zupen | lintinnae / dantinnae | lintisoho / dantisoho | dant | dannedd | fiaclan | fiacla | dentes | dóntia |
milk | glakti | galaktū / molgea | hapakti | melgos | llaeth | bainne | bainne | lactis | gála |
house | dáraj | dol | dohol | tigern | ty | taigh | teach | domum | spíti |
lip | ćilnán | kxelgyeu | kelghu | - | gwefus | bile | liopa | labia | cheíli |
* dead language
Phonology
Ejivoyo - vowels
Standard (standard) Nissiian distinguishes between 15 + 3 basic vowel phonemes, 4 diphthongs and 8 glottalized diphthongs. These sounds include:
- Vowels: a, e, i, o, u, ea, ae, eo, eu
- Long vowels: ā, ē, ī, ō, ū
- Soft (patalized) vowels: yae (ye), yeo, yeu
- Diphthongs: ai, ei, ao, oa (today replaced by hwa)
- Glotalized diphthongs: aa, ee (aee), ii, oo (eoo), uu (euu)
In closed vowels (e, o, u), the form of voices is often applied in ordinary speech, where closed vowels are pronounced openly (eg the word jon - jeon, du pessae kloreuNi - deu paessae kleoreuNi). In modern Nissian, glottalized diphthongs, which are pronounced unglotalized with an accent, also undergo assimilation. Glotalized pronunciation is required in Sacred Nissian.
Pxangavoyo - consonants
In modern standard Nissian, consonants are divided into the so-called ssalmeol (table of characters). Each line corresponds to the phonological attributes of the given phoneme.
Ssalmeol | |||||||
px | tx | kx | |||||
p | t | k | pp | tt | kk | ||
b | d | g | bb | dd | gg | ||
m | n | ng | mm | nn | |||
s | c | h | ss | cc | |||
sh | ch | j | |||||
sx | cx | x | |||||
r | l | y | rr | ll | yy | ||
rh | v | hw | vv |
Ssalmeol roughly resembles the classical division of consonants used by linguists.
Labial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Patalal | Velar | Labio-velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ng | |||||
Plosive | aspirated | px | tx | kx | ||||
voiceless | p | t | k | ea | ||||
voiced | b | d | g | |||||
Affricate | aspirated | cx | ||||||
voiceless | c | ch | ||||||
voiced | j | |||||||
Fricative | aspirated | sx | ||||||
voiceless | s | sh | x | |||||
voiced | v | (ss) | h | |||||
Vibrant | standard | r | ||||||
fricative | rh | |||||||
Approximant | l | y | hw |
Ortography
Nissian is officially written in the Nissian alphabet (alpabaeta, formerly ababeba). It is written in ssalba in traditional and spiritual documents, some states (Niyi, Esagitia) still use ssalba.
Letter | IPA | English approximation |
Digraph/ trigraph |
IPA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uppercase | Lowercase | Uppercase | Lowercase | ||||
A | a | /ɑ/ | bath (UK) | Ae | ae | /ɛ/ | |
B | b | /b/ | bob | Eo | eo | /ɔ/ | |
C | c | /ts/ | let's | Eu | eu | /ju/ | |
D | d | /d/ | dog | Yae | yae | /jɛ/ | |
E | e | /ɛ/ | Eleanor | Yeo | yeo | /jɔ/ | |
F | f | /p/ | stop | Yeu | yeu | /jə/ | |
G | g | /dʒ/ | George | Sh | sh | /ʃ/ | |
H | h | /h/, /j/ | hat, yes | Sx | sx | /ʃʰ/ | |
I | i | /i/ | me | Ch | ch | /tʃ/ | |
J | j | /dʒ/ | judge | Cx | cx | /tʃʰ/ | |
K | k | /k/ | look | Ss | ss | /z/ | |
L | l | /l/ | look | Hw | hw | /ʍ/ | |
M | m | /m/ | man | Rh | rh | /r̝/ | |
N | n | /n/ | noon | Px | px | /pʰ/ | |
O | o | Tx | tx | /tʰ/ | |||
P | p | /p/ | place | Kx | kx | /kʰ/ | |
R | r | /r/ | single tap R | ||||
S | s | /s/ | stew | ||||
T | t | /t/ | top | ||||
U | u | // | moon | ||||
V | v | /v/ | vent | ||||
W | w | /w/ | wait | ||||
X | x | /x/ | Scottish loch | ||||
Y | y | /j/ | you | ||||
Ʌ | ʌ | /ʌ/ | won |
Two Nissiian orthographies
Nowadays, Nissian is written in two ways, an old orthography (gerleuNi eokxeivaeNun / ē gerlūī Eokxaeivaen) and a reformed new orthography that seeks to capture Nissian as it is spoken (ē shieobōī Eokxeivaen). Officially, only the old orthography is used, the movement ma hwanida merōī N ad Antōn (I want a simple N at the end) is trying to enforce a reformed orthography next to the old one, which corresponds to the notation of ssalba.
New orthography often brings the use of more accents, such as dots above and below letters and the reduction of graphemes.
Grammar
Nissiian is a semi-inflected language (partly flective) that expresses sentence structure through flexion and many conjunctions. Its syntax is partly reminiscent of, for example, German, or a close language, Irish. The word order is similar to Czech.
Word order
The word order of Nissian is, similarly to Czech, free. Nissian is a so-called pro-drop language, which means that in a sentence it is enough to be just a verb, another sense clarifies the prefixes and suffixes of the verb.
- Mānnnoseon ākgyeuixan mēmsōmeun - The man ate meat
- Mānnnoseon mēmsōmeun ākgyeuixan - The man ate meat (man meat ate)
- Mēmsōmeun ākgyeuixan mānnnoseon - The man ate meat (the meat was eaten by a man)
- Mēmsōmeun mānnnoseon ākgyeuixan - The man ate meat (meat man ate)
- Ākgyeuixan mēmsōmeun mānnnoseon - The man ate meat (ate meat man)
- Ākgyeuixan mānnnoseon mēmsōmeun - The man ate meat (ate man meat)
- Ākgyeuixan mānnnoseon mēmsōmeun? - Did the man eat meat?
Nissian | hwanida-kii | onda-tti | daekvvang-eun | yoddei | Suvulin | leiyae-kau |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gloss | want-3.PL | to visit-INF | university-SG.NOM | where | Suvulin | go-3.SG |
English | I want to visit the university, that Suvulin attends |
Word types
Nissian distinguishes 10 word types,
- flective
- inflect - noun (ē nyaaneul), pronoun (ē kxonol)
- inflecting and escalating - adjectives (ē boonyaaneul)
- tense - verbs (ē kosemidal)
- non-flective – numerals (ē aritōl), adverbs (kxahyessal), prepositions (antīmidal), conjunctions (ē seryemidal), particles (prsiyaetōmeul) and interjections (eoxesoyael)
Noun gender
Nissian distinguishes two genders, masculine (hard, kreumli) and feminine (soft, nyaeli), the middle gender occurs only in pronouns. The genus can be recognized by the last vowel of the root, in the case of a vowel it is feminine, on the contrary it is masculine, ie: shilo - feminine, ddēmon - masculine, etc. The gender in Nissian is not very important, as it is in Czech, for example.
Inflection
Nissian distinguishes 4 noun cases, nominative, genitive, dative and vocative, which are used in the declension of nouns, pronouns and, in part, adjectives. The basic form of names is the nominative of the singular number, in rare cases the basic form can also be the root.
Number | Case | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine own name | Masculine own name | Noun case question | Kxeoda | Old
ortography |
New
ortography | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*shilo (water) | *jinā (woman) | *polisoyeot (town) | *ddēmon (faith) | *Shinsegye (Mekniy) | *Voijin (Christopher) | |||||||||
Singular | Nominative | shilon | jinān | polisoyeoteun | ddēmoneun | Shinsegye | Voijin | kxan? pxiseon? | 눈 | Nun / Eun | n / eun | |||
Genitive | shilēī | jinānēī | polisoyeotēī | polisoyēī | ddēmonēī | ddēmēī | Shinsegyeēī | Shinsegyēī | Voijinēī | ineu kxanēī? | 애 | Ei | ēī | |
Dative | amShilo | anJinā | anPolisoyeot | anDdēmon | AmShinsegye | AnVoijin | amKxa? amPxiseo? | 암 | am | am | ||||
Vokative (standard) | shilonim | jinānim | polisoyeotim | ddēmonim | Shinsegyenim | Voijinim | kxahyeon kxanim? | 님 | Nim | nim / im | ||||
Vokativ (sacred) | ō shilo | ō jinā | ō polisoyeot | ō ddēmon | ō Shinsegye | ō Voijin | kxahyeon ō kxa? | 어 | ō / ooh | ō | ||||
Plural | Nominative | shilol | jināl | polisoyeoteul | ddēmoneul | Shinsegyeē | Voijinē | kxal? pxiseol? | 룰 | Lul / Eul | l / eul | |||
Genitive | shilēī | jinānēī | polisoyeotēī | polisoyēī | ddēmonēī | ddēmēī | Shinsegyeēī | Shinsegyēī | Voijinēī | ineu kxanēī? | 애 | Ei | ēī | |
Dative | amShilo | anJinā | anPolisoyeot | anDdēmon | AmShinsegye | AnVoijin | amKxa? amPxiseo? | 암 | am | am | ||||
Vokative (standard) | shilonai | jinānai | polisoyeotai | ddēmonai | Shinsegyenai | Voijinai | kxahyeon kxanai? | 의 | Ai | ai | ||||
Vokativ (sacred) | ō shilo | ō jinā | ō polisoyeot | ō ddēmon | ō Shinsegye | ō Voijin | kxahyae ō kxa? | 어 | ō / ooh | ō |
Nominative | Genitive | Dative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feminine | klaeo pattern
o, u, i eo, eu |
1 | moddeunī | moddeunē | naModdeunī |
2 | moddeunonī | moddeunanē | naModdeunonī | ||
3 | moddeunostī | moddeunastē | naModdeunostī | ||
yaesī pattern
a, e, ea ae |
1 | godrossayī | godrossayē | naGodrossayī | |
2 | godrossanoyī | godrossanoyē | naGodrossanoyī | ||
3 | godrossayostī | godrossayostē | naGodrossayostī | ||
Masculine | dantinnae pattern
d, t, n |
1 | cēlindisoyeotūī | cēlindisoyeotahwē | naCēlindisoyeotūī |
2 | cēlindisoyeothwoī | cēlindisoyeotehwūē | naCēlindisoyeothwoī | ||
3 | cēlindisoyeothwaī | cēlindisoyeotihwāē | naCēlindisoyeothwaī | ||
sa-ca pattern
s, c |
1 | kxasīī | kxasīē | naKxasīī | |
2 | kxasoī | kxasoē | naKxasoī | ||
3 | kxasosī | kxasosē | naKxasosī | ||
ātero pattern
r, l, h, y, j, m v, b, p, x, g, k |
1 | siēmnī | siēmnaī | dūSiēmnī | |
2 | siēmnonī | siēmnonaī | dūSiēmnonī | ||
3 | siēmnostī | siēmnostaī | dūSiēmnostī |
Number | Noun case | Personal pronouns | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||
I | You | He | She | It | ||
Singular | Nominative | ma | du | kreos | nyaes | nney |
Genitive | maa | dū | sēobio | noli | nēī | |
Dative | me | du | nneyden | nneyna | nney | |
Vokative (sacred) | ō daema | ō du | ō kreos | ō nyaes | ō nney | |
Plural | Nominative | inbae | du | sa | ||
Genitive | insereu | dū | sa | |||
Dative | asx | du | ney |
Verbs and verb tenses
Nissian verbs express 3 tenses: past, present and future. The infinitive consists of the ending -tt
English | Past tense | Present | Future tense | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | bear | pxaermitteg | p'ermiteg | pxaermitt | p'ermit | pxaermittai | p'ermitaj |
You | bear | pxaermaepot | p'ermepot | pxaermesi | p'ermeš | pxaermaepii | p'ermepi |
He, She, It | bears | pxaermaexan | p'ermechan | pxaermekau | p'ermekau | pxaermexoīī | p'ermechojí |
We | bear | pxaerminneg | p'ermineg | pxaerminn | p'ermin | pxaerminnai | p'erminaj |
You (all) | bear | pxaermaebod | p'ermebod | pxaermete | p'ermete | pxaermaebii | p'ermebi |
They | bear | pxaermaexen | p'ermechen | pxaermekii | p'ermekí | pxaermexoīī | p'ermechojí |
Examples of words
Numerals
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 25 | 100 | 0 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
iino | deobo | teare | chera | pinpxe | sēk | seshaa | oktya | shieobin | dekaa | deobata | deobatapinpxe | kasseoso / seot | nura |
Days and months
Czech | Nissiian | Ssalba | Origin |
---|---|---|---|
January | Kxeiman | 二丿丨亍卜눈 | From the word kxeimea - winter |
February | Jerssean | 人丿己孖丶눈 | From the word jervve - to shout |
March | Caatinen | 又不刀丨昍厶눈 | From the word yyoreu, formerly caricireu - fresh |
April | Apxrīlean | 卜汀己亻乚丶눈 | From the word April |
May | Māyeun | 亍卞大눈 | From the word may |
June | Derkxean | 久丿己二丶눈 | From the word derkxeuae - to obtain |
July | Dessilan | 久丿孖丨乚卜눈 | From the Esagitian word desre - burn |
August | Sxīsan | 孓亻了卜눈 | From the word shisai - shisai harvested herbs |
September | Lēkesseon | 乚厂丰丿孖中눈 | From the Tiornian word lekehoku - lazy |
October | Kōssesseon | 丰回孖丿了中눈 | From the word koseka - work |
November | Nyeonesseon | 日丫日丿孖中눈 | From the word svnyeo essea - celebration of pigs |
December | Noyīsseon | 日囗大亻孖中눈 | From the word noyī essea - Christmas celebration |
Czech | Nissiian | Ssalba | Origin |
---|---|---|---|
Monday | Honan | 刂囗日卜눈 | Formerly byona - the beginning |
Tuesday | Dileun | 久丨乚눈 | is not known |
Wednesday | Shipekean | 子丨斗丿丰丶눈 | From the word shipxinalleo - an endless week |
Thursday | Nokin | 日囗丰丨눈 | is not known |
Friday | Norisoyeon | 日囗己丨了囗丫눈 | Norisoyeo holiday celebration |
Saturday | Sabeuteun | 了卜丁幵刀눈 | Sabbath celebration |
Sunday | Idilan | 丨久丨乚卜눈 | Formerly ideula - from the word teuryae - beginning |
Example text
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Nissiian | Ara cxomyaineul nguotkii lēudderonī i someu in pxellomēī i txekterol. Sa dekersokii kaati rtinnaemēī i kōmvisoyeoteutinnaen i moji anta iino ono in ēno bamēī dea brotearianēī. | |
English | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |
From MBS News
Chexsekse manaseon aiei ōpito sidrngxo. Moji ei īsMeeimi nney rīpeoxan deobo saleul āpxa, i naimeyynaexan ddea Chexseksiamēī Mojin. Chexseksia meeimixan pxom ē eotonomikīnī Dipendessiyeokxoronoī, īsRasska oneul vvakanaīnī kxun in oegugnī mssal, bearteaseun i osta ekonomiyeonī mojimeseul. František Schrodinger, altanī Robeugchexseksa MP, komaent Mojin:“ Kxei est ēno gadssomikīnī saleun pro Yaegugēī āmbīyo teutol dea Esseksia. Inbae kyeosta eikyaenn insereu kxtteanī eobopxseun, insereu kxtteanī īhhon, i insereu kxtteanī ongugeun. ” Terry āpxa apnoxan Tomáš Falešník, Yaegugēī āmbīyo mīkrogugaleun daehadankii īsGeanokyae pxom ēno pxeolitīkeun in Gimnaseogug, pxom Kxoronāprinsseo.
Links
https://mbs.mklu.eu/ MBS News