Witoldian language
| Witoldian | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pronunciation | /viːtiːpoʊtiː/ |
| Native to | Witoldia |
| Region | Eastern Europe |
Native speakers | 1 (2020) |
Early forms | Proto-Witoldian
|
| Witoldian alphabet Latin sctipt (Witoldian latin alphabet)[1] | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Witoldia Timaha |
| Regulated by | Fodes of Witoldia |
Witoldian language (native name: , IPA: [vitʲi potʲi], in latin alphabet: witi poti) - is the state language of Witoldia. The language is an isolate and does not belong to any language family, although it is geographically surrounded by territories where East Slavic languages are spread. It is an artificial language that began to be developed in its modern form in 2018.
History
Proto-Witoldian languages (2011 - 2016)
Attempts to create the Witoldian language date back to the founding of the country. In the period from 2011 to 2016, due to the constant throwing of the king in different directions, two versions of the Witoldian language were created, which were based on completely different languages. One had Slavic features, the second is closer to the languages of Southeast Asia. They walked, consider, in parallel, and for some time were even written in one alphabet, invented by the king.
Based on Slavic languages
This language has nothing in common with modern Witoldian language and has not left any traces in the current Witoldian culture. At that time, it should have belonged to the Slavic, therefore it was created similar to the Serbian and Belarusian. It was this language that was more used in the 1st Witoldian kingdom than the second. The course of bringing Witoldian culture closer to Slavic was the longest in the history of the kingdom. The peak was in mid-2014 - early 2016, and then it was curtailed. In the summer and autumn of 2016, this language died out, because at that time a course was begun on the gradual separation of Witoldian culture from Slavic, in order to make it distinctive and different.
Based on the languages of Southeast Asia
This language was written in hieroglyphs, with a bias made into Chinese, Japanese, Khmer, Lao and Burmese. An attempt was made to introduce it in 2012, then at the end of 2013 - beginning of 2014, after which the course towards Slavicization began. It was written, as already mentioned, in hieroglyphs, although for some time it was written in the same letter as was written in Slavsko-Witoldian, but then again returned to the native letter. Although this language was practically not used, modern Vitoldian adopted many words from him, for example "Katel" (temple), hieroglyphs, for example, "Ish" and the very concept of creating a new Witoldian alphabet based on the syllabic alphabet.
Early-Witoldian language (2016 - 2018)
Start of creation
The development of a new language, which is not based on Slavicism, began at the end of 2016. The concept was taken to create a new alphabet of the language based on the Dravidian languages, mainly Telugu and Kannada. These languages are spoken in some states of India.
But the language did not begin to develop, and Telugu became the de facto state language, which was called "Witoldian" in the government. Already in the winter of 2016, Telugu inscriptions appear on passports, then on banknotes, stamps and postage envelopes. But the matter did not go further, it was just the Telugu language, which was called "Witoldian language". With the stagnation in the Witoldian Order, this all came to an end, but its creation began.
Resumption of work on the language (2017 - 2018)
Although in the period from 2017 to 2020 the Witoldian state was not in the micro-national arena, the Witoldian culture developed at a rapid pace on the basis of the world of Ho. Around the summer of 2017, work resumes with renewed vigor. The first new alphabet consisted of 28 letters, and in their order it was similar to Russian. Even their own numerals were created. This alphabet began to slowly change, and was originally supposed to be abugida. The idea with the abugida quickly faded away, but the syllable alphabet was created quite large. Hieroglyphs could mean a combination of two or more sounds. The longest are out of seven. The appearance and shape of the new hieroglyphs was influenced by the Telugu alphabet. The new language, in sound and grammar, was supposed to be similar to German, but Telugu won here too, so Germanism was quickly abandoned. Only fragments remain of the original German influence. The most striking reminder of the original undertaking in the current Witoldian are the pronouns - Izz [Iʃ], izze [Iʃe], ezze [eʃe], izzi [Iʃi:], zzyn [ʃɪn], zzen [ʃen], zzan [ʃan]. All letters in a sentence were connected with a "tail" from below, sentences were separated from each other by apostrophes. Three groups of hieroglyphs were created - uppercase, uppercase and egrats, which could be both. There were few hieroglyphs for one sound. If, for example, it was required to record the sound "h", then a colon was put in front of the hieroglyph "hat". It was the same with the sound "m". A more literate division into several alphabets, as in Japanese, was not undertaken, which at one point caused confusion. This fact, as well as not matching with some elements of the already created Witoldian culture, which was influenced by the Slavicisms, became one of the reasons to abandon the creation of a completely syllabic alphabet.
Old-witoldian lahguage (2018 - 2019)
The newly developed Witoldian alphabet included both whole syllables and individual sounds. It was a mixture of the syllabic alphabet and the usual consonant-vocal one. And the very appearance of the letters took on a more familiar, round, shape.
The letters "ish", "tandi", "mat", "x" and "a" have passed from the previous alphabet in an unchanged form. Also, punctuation rules with apostrophes were completely transferred from the old alphabet, which were already put between words (there was just a long space between sentences), as well as grammar and word formation still remotely resembled something Asian. But at that time Witoldian was already beginning to look like modern Greek language, so the sounds "ksi" and "psi", interdental "θ" were also added, and soon the letter "s" at the end of the word began to change its appearance. Due to the influence of the modern Greek language, words, spelling and alphabet began to change
Reform July 28, 2018
On July 28, 2018, the first official reform of the Witoldian language took place, bringing it closer to modern pronunciation and consolidating the dominant Greek influence. As a result of the reform, almost 60% of the letters of the alphabet changed their appearance, new ones (dseta, nase) were also added, new rules of Witoldian punctuation were approved - the apostrophes that separated words in the sentence were removed, a semicolon was added, which is still used at the end sentences, the colon became the exclamation mark, and the circle above the letter became the question mark. Added letters-endings, found only at the end of words. But from the Greek got only a few sounds, the type of letters, and word formation. In order to preserve the originality and not completely copy Greek, the grammar of the Witoldian language, the construction of sentences and the like is not based on any of the languages of the Indo-European family, but focuses on the Caucasian languages, or the same languages of Southeast Asia, in particular Burmese and Dravidian. Much of this reform has already been removed later, but it is on July 28 that the day of the Witoldian language is celebrated. It was this reform that set the course that will be followed in the further creation of the language.
Modern-witoldian language (2019 - present)
The Second reform
The second reform took place in 2019, but the exact date is unknown. But it was precisely as a result of this reform that the Modern-witoldian language was created. The letters-endings are gone, the letters "ng", "nx" and interdental l and n are introduced, the form of the letter "b" has been changed so as not to confuse it with "f", an attempt was made to introduce the letter "ktu", some new grammatical rules were introduced. Punctuation marks have been removed to indicate softening and doubling of sound, and an icon to indicate vowel brevity. The influence of the Greek language has waned.
The Third reform
The third reform took place with the return of Witoldia to the micro-national community - in May–June 2020. The letters "ts" and "tset" were introduced, the letters "ktu", "dseta", "tot", "ho" were removed, the appearance of the letter was changed "cafe". This reform also consolidated the official transliteration of Witoldian words in Russian, and vice versa. So, for example, the sound "z" in Witoldian language began to be transmitted through "θ", zh - through "dθ", ch - through "t", "ts" or "tsh". Also, in order to record Witoldian words on a computer, Witoldian Latin alphabet was created and approved.
The Fourth refoem
The fourth reform was supposed to take place in the summer of 2021. 2020 was, after all, a rather nasty year for Witoldia, and the development of language was stalled. To date, some provisions of the third reform have been dropped (for example, the letter "cet" is de facto excluded from the alphabet). Vitold's computer layout in the Latin alphabet was also created. The new terms of the reform have shifted to January–February 2022.
Language structure
Writing system
Original alphabet (witika)
The Witoldian language uses the original Witoldian alphabet, or Witika. The modern Witoldian alphabet was approved in 2020. Until 2020, an extended Witoldian alphabet operated in Witoldia. The alphabet consists of 40 letters.
Sounds from the first letter - E, I, T, A, Kri, B, P, Sh, O, F, K, D, Tandi, N, L, Tot[2] S, S (ending), H, R, Mat, U, Ow, M, Kat, Yn, Ksi, Psi, Th, Ho,[3] V, Dseta,[4] Nase,[5] Kaf, Ng, Nh, Ish
Ending - Dse, ynny, Tha, Ae, Illi[6]
Latin alphabet
Below is the Witoldian alphabet based on the Latin, approved in June 2020. It consists of 29 letters - 21 letters and 8 digraphs
| Capital letters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| E | I | T | A | Qe | B | P | Zz | O | Θ | K | L | N | D | S | X | Lz | R | U | Oo | M | Cq | Yn | C | Þ | Nz | Z | W | Zs |
| Lower case | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| e | i | t | a | qe | b | p | zz | o | θ | k | l | n | d | s | x | lz | r | u | oo | m | cq | yn | c | þ | nz | z | w | zs |
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i,ɪ | u,ʊ | |
| Mid | ɘ,ɛ,ø | o | |
| Open | a |
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal | Aspirated | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m̥,m | l̪, n̪ | n | ɲ | ŋ, ŋ̊, ŋᵐ | |||
| Stop | b,p,t,d | θ, ð | k,q | kʰ,tʰ | ||||
| Fricative | f, v | x | ɦ | |||||
| Sibilant | s | ʃ | ||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | l | ||||||
| Trill | r̥ | ʀ |
Stress
In Witoldian there is no clear stress on words, since the need for stress disappears due to the lack of homonyms. A change in stress, or lack of it, does not change the meaning of a word. For example, in the word Nurasmeni (result) you can put the stress as well - nurasméni, núrasmeni, nurásmeni, nurasmení[7] and never put it. However, there are a number of words in which the stress on a certain syllable, letter is clearly fixed, or the absence of stress is fixed in principle. Such words are mainly used in everyday communication, and the characteristic accents for them have taken root among the people. Saying the stress in these words is not where it is needed, a foreigner runs the risk of being misunderstood by the locals. These words include: Kameri (good, thank you, thanks, dear) - clear accent kа́meri, Kynestas - (welcome) - clear accent of kinnéstas, Kivera (trees) - where there is no accent, etc.