Usian law

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The Usian legal system is a civil law system of law in the early stages of its development. It comprises of numerous codes, all of which are inferior to the constitutional code, comprising of the Constitution of the Usi and its amendments and additions. It is inspired by German, U.S. and Canadian law.

Source of law

Statutes

After a bill has been signed into a law by the Head of Legislative or otherwise passed, it is first published in downloadable form in the Chronological Book of Usian Law on the governmental website by the Joint Publishing and Printing Agency of USI (JPPAU), keeping the Act numbering form. It may enter into force as soon at it is made public in this way. After that, the National Norming Office (NNO) divides the different parts of the Act up according to which Code they would belong to if codified. It is then codified with a new numbering according to the Legislation Making Act 2014 (LMA).

Regulations

The Parliament often grants executive agencies broad powers to promulgate law because of its small size and low specialization. These regulations are then published separately from the "parent law" in the Chronological Book of Law with a cross-reference. When they are codified, no distinction is made between primary and delegated legislation.

Case precedent

Diagram showing the binding of case precedents in Usian jurisdiction

In the Usian Republic, case precedent is not codified, merely documented. Courts inferior to that one establishing a case precedent within that one's jurisdiction must follow a case precedent. Courts inferior to a court equal to that establishing a case precedent should follow suit, but are not bound to. High Courts are bound only by their own past decisions and by those of the Supreme Court, though a case precedent that appears flawed to a court must be reviewed by the lowest court that can reverse the precedent.

Types of law

Procedural law

All forms of procedural law, whether concerning judiciary, executive or legislative procedure, are codified in the Government Procedural Code (GPC).

Substantive law

Criminal law

Main article: Usian criminal law
All actions deemed to unlawfully compromise constitutional rights and the constitutional order are punishable by the Criminal Code (CriCo).

Civil law

Interactions between the state and persons, natural and legal, are governed. Usian civil law is largely codified in the Civil Code (CivCo), but some laws that would, in most countries, be considered part of civil law are also contained in various other codes (e.g. in the Inheritance Code).

Private law

In the Usian Republic, private law refers to that part of civil law regulating direct dealings between individuals. Unlike outside the Usian Republic, it also contains specific resolutions passed by the Parliament regulating only certain persons; for instance, expelling a citizen, or authorizing the controversial construction of a building that the executive could not authorize. Thus, Parliamentary Resolutions are also considered law. However, they are only published in the Chronological Book of Law. All other Usian law is considered public.

See also