Free Canton of Bonaterra

Free Canton of Bonaterra Cantone Libero di Bonaterra (IT)
Flag Coat of arms
Status	Canton of the Federal Republic of Ostton
Demonym(s)	Bonaterran
Government	Provisional parliamentary government
• President of the Canton	Esty Carpentieri
• President of the People's Assembly	Vacant
Legislature	People's Assembly
Establishment
• Established	22 January 2022
• Statute of Autonomy (Basic Law)	7 April 2023
Area
• Total	0.02 km2 (0.0077 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate	0
• Density	0/km2 (0.0/sq mi)

Bonaterra, officially the Free Canton of Bonaterra (Italian: Cantone Libero di Bonaterra), is a Canton of the Federal Republic of Ostton.

Geography

The canton has an area of 0.2 km² and includes a large park.

Politics

Bonaterra was politically inactive from its establishment until April 2023, when Mišo and Esty Carpentieri decided to write a constitution for Bonaterra and make it politically active. On April 7 the Basic Law of the Free Canton of Bonaterra (Constitution) was finished and it was adopted on the same day by a Constituent People's Assembly. Esty was elected as president of the Constituent People's Assembly and subsequently became the first president of the Free Canton of Bonaterra.

The Government of Bonaterra is similar to South Africa, where the President serves both as head of state and head of government, however, they are elected by and are accountable to the legislature.

The Council of Ministers

The Cabinet, officially known as the Council of Ministers, is the executive organ of the Government, headed by the President themself.

The Council of Ministers, collectively exercises following duties:

1. debates on draft laws,
2. debates on ordinances of the Council of Ministers,
3. discusses its program and its implementation,
4. formulates, directs and executes policies of the Free Canton of Bonaterra,
5. guarantees public order and state security,
6. executes laws and resolutions of the People’s Assembly and presidential orders,
7. approves certain presidential orders,
8. decides on submitting a request for a motion of confidence,
9. decides on the appointment and recall of cantonal officials in cases laid down by law,
10. decides on other issues if the law provides so.  

The Council of Ministers may issue ordinances to execute laws, they must be within limits of the law and signed by the President.

President of the Canton is the head of state

President of the Canton

President of the Free Canton of Bonaterra is the head of state and government of Bonaterra. The President represents the Canton in all affairs and directs the Council of Ministers. They are elected by the People's Assembly for a four-month term and may be impeached for violating the Basic Law and/or committing treason.

The President also serves as commander of the Bonaterra Self-Defence Force (local military-style institution) and commands it within limits of the federal law and the Ostton Constitution.

When the Presidency remains vacant for any reason, the President of the People's Assembly exercises the authority of the President and is known as "Acting President".

Duties of the President include:

1. representing the Canton in all relations,
2. filing, to the Supreme Court a proposal to determine a draft law’s, Basic Law Amendments, treaty or a referendum’s conformity with the Basic Law,
3. convening the first post-electoral sessions of the People’s Assembly,
4. calling all elections and setting dates for them,
5. addressing the People’s Assembly,
6. dissolving the People’s Assembly,
7. signing, promulgating and returning laws,
8. appointing and recalling members of the Council of Ministers and assigns them to ministries,
9. appointing and dismissing senior cantonal officials in cases provided by law,
10. awarding, confering and takeing away honours of the Canton,
11. being the commander of the Self-Defence Force, commanding it, within the boundaries of federal law and the Constitution for the Federal Republic of Ostton,
12. declaring and ending a state of emergency on the territory of the Canton,
13. chairing the Council of Ministers, convening and directing its sessions,
14. answering the People’s Assembly on all affairs,
15. declaring referenda,
16. appointing and recalling judges and judges of the Supreme Court,
17. issuing presidential orders, within the limits of the Basic Law and other laws,
18. performing other duties, should the law declare so.

Exercise of duties no. 4, 6, 11 and 12 requires further approval of the Council of Ministers.

People's Assembly

The People's Assembly of the Free Canton of Bonaterra is the unicameral legislature of Bonaterra. The People's Assembly is composed of at least three deputies, elected on the basis of proportional representation for a two-month term. The People's Assembly can be dissolved by the President of the Canton if it fails to elect its president for more than two consecutive weeks, if it does not pass legislation within two consecutive weeks and has to be dissolved if more than half of the seats are vacant or if it fails to impeach the President of the Canton. The People's Assembly also supervises the activity of the Council of Ministers and of the President of the Canton. Deputies may interpellate the members or vote the entire Council of Ministers (including the President) out of office by a confidence vote.

The People's Assembly is headed by a president, who serves as the speaker. The President of the People's Assembly serves at the pleasure of the People's Assembly and selects Vice Presidents to deputise for them.

The People's Assembly:

1. adopts, revokes and amends the Basic Law, Basic Law amendments and laws and supervises their implementation,
2. approves or rebukes treaties, before ratification by the President of the Canton,
3. decides on a proposal for declaration of a referendum,
4. establishes and abolishes, by law, the ministries,
5. debates the programme of the Council of Ministers, monitors the activities of the Council of Ministers, its members and also debates on motions of (no) confidence regarding the Council of Ministers or its individual members,
6. nominates judges of the Supreme Court,
7. elects and impeaches the President of the Canton
8. decides on self-dissolution,
9. debates on basic issues relating to the Canton’s policies,
10. gives consent for despatching the Militia of the Free Canton of Bonaterra outside the Canton,
11. may annul presidential orders, approves presidential orders issued by the Acting President,
12. performs other things, should the law provide so.