Stalish language

Stalish
Stalska
Native to	Stalmanndorf
Region	Alpine States
Ethnicity	Stalish
Speakers	1
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Stalish Stalish
Type	Type Semi-Constructed language
Official status
Official language	Stalmanndorf
Minority status	Nowhere
Regulated by	Stalish Society of Culture

Stalish is a language in the Germanic language family and it serves as the native language for residents of Stalmanndorf. Stalish is very similar to German and Swedish in vocabulary, and Swedish grammatically. Stalish is mutually intelligible to The alphabet is, phonetically, more similar to German's alphabet. Stalish has two dialects: Standard Stalish, spoken in Alpenberg, and Unterstalish, spoken in (Unterberg). Unterstalish pronounces words very differently and uses much less articulation when speaking. Unterstalish is different because of the heavy amount of Swedish speakers in the Duchy of Unterberg.

Stalish is written in the Stalish alphabet , which both use the basic letters of the Latin script. The Stalish standard alphabet uses 9 additonal letters: Ææ, Ǣǣ, Åå, Ää, Öö, Őő, Üü, Ýý.

History

Stalish first started showing differences from Swedish and German in July, 2019 when some letters in the alphabet started to change.

Dialects

Unterstalish

Unterstalish is a dialect that is spoken in the Unterberg duchy of Stalmanndorf. It differs from Standard Stalish because of speech patterns. Because of the Swedish influence the dialect isn't completely phonetic, and speakers usually don't say the last few letters of a word when speaking. Unterstalish is almost always spoken in informal situations.

Orthography

Stalish is fully phonemic, which means each letter sticks to a certain sound. The Stalish alphabet uses the Latin script and consists of 26 letters, 9 additional letters with diacritical marks. The official handwriting is the Sütterlin varient of the Latin Script. Sütterlin is used for all official handwritten government documents for domestic affairs. Like German, Stalish capitalizes all nouns.

Below is a table showing each letter and its phonemic value.

Upper case	Lower case	IPA	Upper case	Lower case	IPA
A	a	[a]	Ő	ő	[o]
Ä	ä	[e]	P	p	/p/
Æ	æ	[æ]	Q	q	/q/
Ǣ	ǣ	aɪ	R	r	/r/
Å	å	[u]	S	s	/z/
B	b	/b/	T	t	/t/
C	c	/ts/	U	u	/ɯ/
D	d	/d/	Ü	ü	[ʊ]
E	e	/ɛ/	V	v	/f/
F	F	/f/	W	w	/v/
G	g	/g/	X	x	/x/
H	h	/h/	Y	y	/i/
I	i	/ɪ/	Ý	ý	[i]
J	j	/j/	Z	z	/ts/
K	k	/k/
L	l	/l/
M	m	/m/
N	n	/n/
O	o	/œ/
Ö	ö	[ä]

A table of 4 sound combinations.

Digraph	IPA
är	ɛər
ue	[u]
ing	[i][ɪ]t
kk	[ç]

Grammar

Stalish grammar differs a lot from German's grammar. Stalish got rid of the noun cases, and instead of the masculine, feminine, and neuter genders, Stalish only has masculine and feminine. The word order is SVO (Subject-Verb-Object). Word order is flexible and can be used in any word order, although most word orders may sound unnatural. The word order Object-verb-subject or OVS can also be used when emphasizing a sentence.

Nouns belong to either a masculine or feminine gender, and a singular or plural tense. Stalish has no definite or indefinite articles

Adjectives agree with nouns in number, but have no distinction between gender. The adjective always comes before the noun.

Verbs are conjugated in six different ways, masculine present, feminine present, masculine past, feminine past, masculine future, feminine future. There are no irregular verbs except for "to be" which is "Ar" ("Är" in Understalish) in all situations.

Pronouns

jeg (I)	wir (we)
då (you)	sie (you pl)
är/sie/es (he/she/it)	dä (they)
*Stalish is a pro-drop language meaning the pronoun can often be left out because of the verb ending.

Verb Conjugation

Common present

-e (I)	-ar (we)
-st (you)	-ar (you pl)
-t (he/it)	-ar (they)

Neuter Present

-a (I)	-at (we)
-sta (you)	-at (you pl)
-ta (she)	-at (they)

Common past

-ä (I)	-og (we)
-rs (you)	-og (you pl)
-et (he/it)	-og (they)

Neuter past

-a (I)	-eg (we)
-re (you)	-eg (you pl)
-ete (he/she/it)	-eg (they)

Common future/hypothetical

-e (I)	-en (we)
-st (you)	-en (you pl)
-t (he/it)	-en (they)

Neuter future/hypothetical

-a (I)	-at (we)
-sta (you)	-at (you pl)
-ta (she)	-at (they)

Nouns

Stalish nouns and adjectives are declined in genders as well as number. Nouns are of common gender (-en form) or neuter gender (-ett form), like Swedish . Below is the word Æsk (Ash) which is a noun of common gender (-en) and it takes the forms:

	Singular	Plural
Indefinite	Æsken	Æskarna
Definite	Æsk	Æskar

The definite singular form of a noun (the) is created by adding the suffix -sk (with some word endings no suffix is added.). The definite plural form of a noun (the) is created by adding the suffix -ar. The indefinite singular form of a noun (a) is created by adding the suffix -en. The indefinite plural form of a noun (some) is created by adding the suffix -arna.

Below is the word Lőd (Ice) which is a noun of neuter gender (-ett) and it takes the forms:

	Singular	Plural
Indefinite	Lődett	Lődarnett
Definite	Lődask	Lődatt

The definite singular form of a neuter noun (the) is created by adding the suffix -ask (If the word ends in -sk, drop the -sk and add -ask). The definite plural form of a neuter noun (the) is created by adding the suffix -att. The indefinite singular form of a neuter noun (a) is created by adding the suffix -ett. The indefinite plural form of a neuter noun (some) is created by adding the suffix -arnett.

Adjectives

Common adjectives

Adjectives are inflected in two declensions, indefinite and definite, like nouns. Adjectives must match the noun they modify in gender and number. Adjectives have a suffix to match with the noun: common definite singular (-g/ig), common definite plural (-ge), common indefinite singular (-k/-ik), and common indefinite plural (-ke). An example would be, rotik Fråkten (a red fruit), rotke Fråktarna (some red fruit), and in the definite forms, rotig Fråkt (the red fruit), and rotke Fråktar (the fruits).

Neuter Adjectives

Neuter adjectives are inflected in two declensions, indefinite and definite, like nouns and common adjectives. Like common adjective, neuter adjectives must match the noun they modify in gender and number. Neuter adjectives have a suffix to match with the noun: common definite singular (-za), common definite plural (-s), common indefinite singular (-trő), and common indefinite plural (-task). An example would be, wǣsza Jajkett (a white egg), wǣs Jajkarnett (some white eggs), and in the definite forms, wǣstrő Jajkask (the white egg), and wǣstask Jajkatt (the fruits).

Vocabulary

The vocabulary of Stalish is mainly Germanic with all common nouns being lone words from German, Swedish, and to a lesser extent Danish. All neuter nouns are lone words from the Slavic languages of Polish and Slovak.

Like most Germanic languages, new words can be formed by compounding, for example, Dötighnödýbjorsk means "The dead brown bear". In compound words, the first adjective takes the gender and number of the noun and the remaining adjectives remain in their original form. Nouns take their gender and number like normal.

Nouns can also be turned into verbs through verbification by the adding of the suffix -a to signify the word as an infinitive, it can then be conjugated as a regular verb.

Dialects

Stalish has two dialects: Standard Stalish and Unterberg Stalish. Unterberg Stalish speaks faster and uses less articulation when speaking. Below is sample of the speaker saying "The bear walks across the river for some fish." in Stalish "Bjorsk gåht korsen flåsk fjur Fiskarna."

Standard Stalish

The same sentence in Unterstalish