Hjalsk language
| Hjalsk | |
|---|---|
| Hjalsk mal | |
| Native to | Hjalvik |
| Latin (Hjalsk Latin) Runes (Hjalsk Futhark) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Hjalvik Nordic Assembly |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None |
The Hjalsk language (Hjalsk mal, pronunciation: [ˈhjalsk ˈmal, ˈç-], more commonly Hjalsk), is a North-Germanic constructed language used ceremonially in the Jarldom of Hjalvik, and spoken by few Hjalsk citizens. It is not commonly spoken, although it is used for placenames, ship names, mottos and quotes. Until February 2024, it was used for Hjalsk laws and played a more prominent role in the culture of the nation. Hjalsk's vocabulary is very similar to Old Norse, but with a few West Germanic influences.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | rounded | ||
| Close | i | y | u | |
| Near-close | ɪ | ʏ | ||
| Close-mid | e | ø | o | |
| Mid | ə | |||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Near-open | æ | |||
| Open | a | |||
Hjalsk has 12 unique vowels. Some are allophones of others and are not written in spelling.
Consonants
The following chart shows a complete list of the consonant phonemes of Hjalsk:
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |||||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||||||
| Fricative | |||||||||
| voiceless | f | θ | s | (ɬ) | (ç) | x | h | ||
| voiced | v | ð | |||||||
| Trill | (r̥) | ||||||||
| Tap or flap | ɾ | ||||||||
| Approximant | |||||||||
| plain | voiceless | (ʍ) | |||||||
| voiced | ʋ | j | |||||||
| lateral | l | ||||||||
- Intervocalically, /f/ and /θ/ are pronounced as /v/ and /ð/ respectively.
- Although not official, /hr/, /hj/, /hl/ and /hv/ are allowed to be pronounced as /r̥/, /ç/, /ɬ/ and /ʍ/ respectively.
Orthography
| Letter | IPA | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uppercase | Lowecase | ||
| A | a | /a/ | |
| Æ | æ | /æ/ | |
| B | b | /b/ | |
| D | d | /d/ | |
| E | e | /e/ | /e/ in open syllables, /ɛ/ in closed syllables and /ə/ in most endings. |
| F | f | /f/ | /v/ intervocalically. |
| G | g | /g/ | /x/ when followed by ⟨h⟩. |
| H | h | /h/ | |
| I | i | /i/ | /i/ in open syllables, /ɪ/ in closed syllables. |
| J | j | /j/ | Allowed to be pronounced /ç/ when followed by ⟨h⟩. |
| K | k | /k/ | |
| L | l | /l/ | Allowed to be pronounced /ɬ/ when followed by ⟨h⟩. |
| M | m | /m/ | |
| N | n | /n/ | Rarely /ən/. /ŋ/ when followed by ⟨g⟩. |
| O | o | /o/ | /o/ in open syllables, /ɔ/ in closed syllables. |
| Ö | ö | /ø/ | |
| P | p | /p/ | |
| R | r | /ɾ/ | /əɾ/ in some endings. Allowed to be pronounced /r̥/ when followed by ⟨h⟩. |
| S | s | /s/ | |
| T | t | /t/ | |
| U | u | /u/ | |
| V | v | /ʋ/ | Allowed to be pronounced /v/, and /ʍ/ when followed by ⟨h⟩. |
| X | x | /ks/ | |
| Y | y | /y/ | /y/ in open syllables, /ʏ/ in closed syllables. |
| Þ | þ | /θ/ | /ð/ intervocalically. |
Example text
UDHR 1
Alr menskr verar er gaburþr frjals ok jafn i verþ ok reghtar. Þeir er gagjöft meþ skyld ok invit ok þeir skald breyta mot anarr in en vegr af broþiræska
Lord's Prayer
Var faþir, þu hve er in himini
Heilaght er þin nefn.
Þin riki komr.
Þu vili gaverþa.
Sva a jörþ sva in himin.
Gefr os sja dag var dagligr brauþ.
Ok fyr-gefr þan hve sinþer viþ os,
sva ve fyr-gef þan hve sinþer viþ os.
Leiþr os ike in freistni, men frjalsr os fra alr ilr.
For þin er inn rik,
inn vald ok dryþin
for alr ævir.
Amen.