Czech Swedish language
Czech Swedish | |
---|---|
šekisk svenska | |
Pronunciation | [ɕɛkɪsk svɛnska] |
Created by | Svante Axelsson, Rasmus Axelsson |
Date | 12 February 2023 |
Users | 0 (2022) |
Purpose | Constructed language
|
Latin script | |
Sources | A posteriori language with elements of Swedish and Czech |
Official status | |
Regulated by | Svante Axelsson |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | None |
Czech Swedish is critically endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |
Czech Swedish (/ɕɛkɪsk svɛnska/; šekisk svenska), is a version of the Swedish language that uses a large variety of diacritical marks. The Czech part of the name comes from the fact that the Czech language uses a large variety of diacritical marks to show what sounds morphemes make.
Orthography
The Czech Swedish alphabet consists of 34 letters; 17 vowels and 17 consonants. It adds 8 letters to the Swedish alphabet. These letters being: á, é, í, ó, š, ú, ý, ǻ. It also converts the letters ä and ö to æ and ø respectively. The long variants of these are ǽ and ǿ, making a total of 10 new letters added. The alphabet also omits five letters: c, q, w, x, z. These letters get replaced k/s, k, v, ks, s in case of them being used.
There are three different diacritical marks used in Czech Swedish: the akút aksent (´) in the letters á, é, í, ó, ý, ǻ, ǽ, ǿ; the háke (ˇ) in the letter š; and the ring (°) in the letters å, ǻ.
All letters with diacritical marks can be written in two different ways, if one can not write them with diacritics or if computers can not type them:
- ⟨á⟩ as ⟨aa⟩
- ⟨é⟩ as ⟨ee⟩
- ⟨í⟩ as ⟨ii⟩
- ⟨ó⟩ as ⟨oo⟩
- ⟨š⟩ as ⟨sz⟩
- ⟨ú⟩ as ⟨uu⟩
- ⟨ý⟩ as ⟨yy⟩
- ⟨ǻ⟩ as ⟨åå⟩
- ⟨ǽ⟩ as ⟨ææ⟩ or ⟨ää⟩
- ⟨ǿ⟩ as ⟨øø⟩ or ⟨öö⟩
Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A | Á | B | D | E | É | F | G | H | I | Í | J | K | L | M | N | O | Ó | P | R | S | Š | T | U | Ú | V | Y | Ý | Å | Ǻ | Æ | Ǽ | Ø | Ǿ | |
Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | á | b | d | e | é | f | g | h | i | í | j | k | l | m | n | o | ó | p | r | s | š | t | u | ú | v | y | ý | å | ǻ | æ | ǽ | ø | ǿ | |
IPA value(s) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[a] | [ɑː] | [b] | [d] | [e], [ɛ] | [eː] | [f] | [g] | [h] | [ɪ] | [iː] | [j] | [k] | [l] | [m] | [n] | [u] | [uː] | [p] | [r] | [s] | [ɕ] | [t] | [ʊ] | [ʉː] | [v] | [ʏ] | [yː] | [o] | [oː] | [ɛ], [æ] | [æː] | [œ], [ø] | [œː], [øː] |
Letter | Name | Letter | Name | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uppercase | Lowercase | Uppercase | Lowercase | ||
A | a | á | Ó | ó | långa ó; ó méd akút aksent |
Á | á | långa á; á méd akút aksent | P | p | pé |
B | b | bé | R | r | er |
D | d | dé | S | s | es |
E | e | é | Š | š | eš |
É | é | långa é; é méd akút aksent | T | t | té |
F | f | ef | U | u | ú |
G | g | gé | Ú | ú | långa ú; ú méd akút aksent |
H | h | hǻ | V | v | vé |
I | i | í | Y | y | ý |
Í | í | långa í; í méd akút aksent | Ý | ý | långa ý; ý méd akút aksent |
J | j | jí | Å | å | ǻ |
K | k | kǻ | ǻ | ǻ | långa ǻ; ǻ méd akút aksent |
L | l | el | Æ | æ | ǽ |
M | m | em | Ǽ | ǽ | långa ǽ; ǽ méd akút aksent |
N | n | en | Ø | ø | ǿ |
O | o | ó | Ǿ | ǿ | långa ǿ; ǿ méd akút aksent |
Replacements
Sound (Swedish) |
Replaced by | Example in Swedish |
Czech Swedish |
---|---|---|---|
any double letter | a single letter | knubbsäl (harbour seal), addera (add), fluff (fluff), bygga (to build), allergi (allergy), ammoniak (ammonia), ålänning (person from Åland), äpple (apple), borr (drill), buss (bus), råtta (rat), vovve[1] (slang for dog), jazz (jazz) |
knubsǽl, adéra, fluf, byga, alergí, amóniak, ǻlæning, æple, bor, bus, råta, vove, jas |
-cc- | ks | vaccin (vaccine) | vaksín |
-ck- | k (sounds like a double letter) | tack (thanks or please) | tak |
dj- | j | djungel (jungle) | jungel |
-g- (in front of e, i, y, ä, ö) | ge (to give) | jé | |
gj- | gjuteri (foundry) | júterí | |
hj- | hjul (wheel) | júl[2] | |
lj- | ljud (sound) | júd | |
-mn- | -m- | jämnt (equal) | jæmt |
-k- (in front of e, i, y, ä, ö) | š- | kela (to cuddle) | šéla |
kj- | kjol (skirt) | šól | |
tj- | tjuv (thief) | šúv | |
-g-[3] | ch | giraff (giraffe), energi (energy) | chíraf, enerchí |
j-[4] | journalist (journalist) | chornalist | |
-sch- | schack (chess) | chak | |
-si- | division (division) | divichón | |
-ssi- | passion (passion) | pachón | |
sj- | sjö (lake) | chǿ | |
-sk- (in front of e, i, y, ä, ö) | skev (wicked) | chév | |
skj- | skjuta (to shoot) | chúta | |
stj- | stjärna (star) | chǽrna | |
ti- | station (station) | stachón | |
ps- | s- | psykiatri (psychiatry) | sykíatrí |
sc- | scen (scene) | sén[5] | |
-tet | -té | kvalitet (quality) | kvalité |
-zz- | -ts-[6] | pizza (pizza) | pitsa |
- The ⟨g⟩ in French loanwords, have no spellingrules.
Example:
- giraff (/ɧ/; giraffe)
- energi (/ɧ/; energy)
- garage (/ʂ/; garage)
Pronouns
The pronouns of Czech Swedish is basically the same as the Swedish pronouns, with diacritics and shortenings. The only exception is that the first-person singular accusative mig and second-person singular accusative dig get replaced with the colloquial terms mej and dej respectively.
Definiteness | Singular common |
Singular neuter |
Plural |
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | en | et | - |
Definite | den | dét | dé |
Person | Nominative | Accusative | Genitive |
---|---|---|---|
1st | jág | mej | - |
2nd | dú | dej | - |
3rd masculine | han | honom | hans |
3rd feminine | hon | hene | henes |
3rd gender-neutral | hen | henom | hens |
3rd common | den | des | |
3rd neuter | dét | ||
1st plural | ví | os | - |
2nd plural | ní | ér | - |
3rd plural | dé (dom) | dem (dom) | déras |
Person | Singular common |
Singular neuter |
Plural |
---|---|---|---|
1st | min | mit | mína |
2nd | din | dit | dína |
3rd masculine | hans | ||
3rd feminine | henes | ||
3rd common | des | ||
3rd neuter | |||
3rd reflexive | sin | sit | sína |
1st plural | vǻr | vǻrt | vǻra |
2nd plural | ér | ért | éra |
3rd plural | déras |
Sample text
The Lord's Prayer
(Czech Swedish: Vǻr Fáder or Herens bǿn)
Vǻr Fáder, dú som ǽr í himlen.
Lǻt dit namn blí helgat.
Lǻt dit ríke koma.
Lǻt din vilja ché sǻ som í himlen.
Jé os idág dét brǿd ví behǿver.
Ok førlǻt os vǻra skulder
liksom ví hár førlǻtit dem som stǻr í skuld til os.
Ok útsæt os inte fǿr prǿvningar
útan ræda os frǻn dét ónda.
Dit ǽr ríket
din ǽr makten ok ǽran
í évighéten.
Amen.
References
- ↑ The most of Swedish words that have two ⟨v⟩ next to eachother are combinations of two words, except for vovve. Example: livvakt (lifeguard) are liv (life) and vakt (guard) put together to make a new word.
- ↑ Not to be confused with júl, which can also mean Christmas.
- ↑ The ⟨g⟩ in French loanwords, have no spellingrules.
- ↑ The ⟨j⟩ only changes to ⟨ch⟩ in French loanwords.
- ↑ Not to be confused with sén, which can also mean late.
- ↑ Because the ⟨zz⟩ in pizza sounds like ⟨ts⟩ and not ⟨ss⟩, it is written as ⟨ts⟩.