United Micronations (June 2021)

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The United Micronations
Flag of the UM
Flag
UM Emblem
Coat of arms
Motto: pax et aequalitas cum dignitate (Latin: Peace and Equality with Dignity)
Maps of the world
CapitalUM Headquarters
Official languagesEnglish, French, Tamil, Japanese, Telugu, German, Spanish
GovernmentInter-Governmental Organization
• Secretary-General
Jane AB Citizen
• Deputy Secretary-General
John AB Citizen
LegislatureGeneral Assembly
Establishment2021
Time zone(UTC)
Website
Government website
Forum

The United Micronations (UM) is an intergovernmental organization aiming to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among micronations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest and most familiar international organization. The UN is headquartered on international territory in Couronnesburg, Couronnestershire, Kingdom of the Isle of Mercion.The United Micronations System consists of the United Micronations' six principal organs (the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the UM Secretariat), the Specialized Agencies and related organizations. The UM System includes subsidiary bodies such as the separately administered funds and programmes, research and training institutes, and other subsidiary entities

The executive heads of some of the United Micronations System organizations and the World Trade Organization, which is not formally part of the United Micronations System, have seats on the United Micronations System Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB). This body, chaired by the Secretary-General of the United Micronations, meets twice a year to co-ordinate the work of the organizations of the United Micronations System

History

The UM was established with the aim of preventing future wars. On 25 April 2021, 2 governments met in Couronnesburg for a conference and started drafting the UM Charter, which was adopted on 25 June 2021 and took effect on 24 October 2021, when the UM began operations. Pursuant to the Charter, the organization's objectives include maintaining international peace and security, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, promoting sustainable development, and upholding international law.

The organization's mission to preserve world peace Its missions have consisted primarily of unarmed military observers and lightly armed troops with primarily monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles.

Six principal organs

The United Micronations itself has six principal organs established by the Charter of the United Micronations:

Principal organs of the United Micronations

UM General Assembly

— Deliberative assembly of all UM member states —

UM Secretariat

— Administrative organ of the UM —

International Court of Justice

— Universal court for international law —

  • May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states or suggestions to the Security Council (UMSC);
  • Decides on the admission of new members, following proposal by the UMSC;
  • Adopts the budget;
  • Elects the non-permanent members of the UMSC; all members of ECOSOC; the UM Secretary General (following their proposal by the UMSC); and the fifteen judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Each country has one vote.
  • Supports the other UM bodies administratively (for example, in the organization of conferences, the writing of reports and studies and the preparation of the budget);
  • Its chairperson—the UM Secretary General—is elected by the General Assembly for a five-year mandate and is the UM's foremost representative.
  • Decides disputes between states that recognize its jurisdiction;
  • Issues legal opinions;
  • Renders judgment by relative majority. Its fifteen judges are elected by the UM General Assembly for nine-year terms.
UM Security Council

— For international security issues —

UM Economic and Social Council

— For global economic and social affairs —

UM Trusteeship Council

— For administering trust territories (currently inactive) —

  • Responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security;
  • May adopt compulsory resolutions;
  • Has fifteen members: five permanent members with veto power and ten elected members.
  • Responsible for co-operation between states as regards economic and social matters;
  • Co-ordinates co-operation between the UM's numerous specialized agencies;
  • Has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly to serve staggered three-year mandates.
  • Was originally designed to manage colonial possessions that were former League of Nations mandates;
  • Has been inactive since 1994, when Palau, the last trust territory, attained independence.

General Assembly

The United Micronations General Assembly (UMGA/GA) consists of all United Micronations Member States and meets in regular session once a year under a president elected from among the representatives. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Micronations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Micronations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions. It has also established a wide number of subsidiary organs.

Security Council

The United Micronations Security Council (UMSC) is charged with the maintenance of international peace and security. Its powers, outlined in the United Micronations Charter, include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action. Its powers are exercised through United Micronations Security Council resolutions.

There are 15 members of the Security Council, consisting of veto-wielding permanent members (The Kingdom of the Isle of Mercion, Federal Democratic Republic of Zephyria, Republic of Adlerhyia) and 10 elected non-permanent members with two-year terms. This basic structure is set out in Chapter V of the UM Charter. Security Council members must always be present at UM headquarters in New York so that the Security Council can meet at any time. Nations can be added to the security council with two thirds of the vote of the general assembly.

Economic and Social Council

The United Micronations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is responsible for coordinating the economic, social, and related work of 15 UM specialized agencies, their functional commissions and five regional commissions. ECOSOC has 54 members; it holds a four-week session each year in July. Since 1998, it has also held a meeting each April with finance ministers heading key committees of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The ECOSOC serves as the central forum for discussing international economic and social issues, and for formulating policy recommendations addressed to member states and the United Micronations System.[12]

Secretariat

The United Micronations Secretariat is headed by the United Micronations Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Micronations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the UM Security Council, the UM General Assembly, the UM Economic and Social Council, and other U.N. bodies. The United Micronations Charter provides that the staff is to be chosen by application of the "highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity," with due regard for the importance of recruiting on a wide geographical basis.

The charter provides that the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any authority other than the UM. Each UM member country is enjoined to respect the international character of the secretariat and not seek to influence its staff. The secretary-general alone is responsible for staff selection.

  • Office of the United Micronations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)
  • United Micronations Office on Drugs and Crime (UMODC)
  • United Micronations Office of Internal Oversight Services (UM-OIOS)
  • United Micronations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UMDRR, formerly UMISDR)

International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the United Micronations. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to provide advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international organs, agencies, and the UM General Assembly.

Trusteeship Council

The United Micronations Trusteeship Council, one of the principal organs of the United Micronations, was established to ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security. The trust territories—most of them are former mandates of the League of Nations or territories taken from nations defeated at the end of World War II—have all now attained self-government or independence, either as separate nations or by joining neighbouring independent countries. The last was Palau, formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which became a member state of the United Micronations in December 1994.

Funds and programmes, research and training institutes, and other bodies

The separately administered funds and programmes, research and training institutes, and other subsidiary bodies are autonomous subsidiary organs of the United Micronations.[4]

Funds and programmes

Throughout its history the United Micronations General Assembly has established a number of programmes and funds to address particular humanitarian and development concerns. These are financed through voluntary rather than assessed contributions. These bodies usually report to the General Assembly through an executive board. Only one UM programme has ever closed in the history of the organization, the United Micronations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UMRRA), which ceased to exist in 1959 and was subsequently replaced by the UMHCR.

Each of the funds and programmes is headed by an executive director at the under-secretary-general level and is governed by an executive board. One former fund, the United Micronations Development Fund for Women (UMIFEM), was merged with other elements of the United Micronations System into a new organization, UM Women, in January 2011.

Programmes and funds of the United Micronations
Acronyms Agency Headquarters Head
UMDP United Micronations Development Programme TBD TBD
UMICEF United Micronations Children's Fund TBD TBD
UMCDF United Micronations Capital Development Fund TBD TBD
WFP World Food Programme TBD TBD
UMEP United Micronations Environment Programme TBD TBD
UMFPA United Micronations Population Fund TBD TBD
UM-HABITAT United Micronations Human Settlements Programme TBD TBD
UMV United Micronations Volunteers TBD TBD

Research and training institutes

Various institutes were established by the General Assembly to perform independent research and training. One former institute, the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), was merged with other elements of the United Micronations System into a new organization, UM Women, in January 2011.

  • United Micronations Institute for Disarmament Research (UMIDIR)
  • United Micronations Institute for Training and Research (UMITAR)
  • United Micronations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UMICRI)
  • United Micronations Research Institute for Social Development (UMRISD)
  • United Micronations System Staff College (UMSSC)
  • United Micronations University (UMU)

Secretariats of Conventions

  • Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
  • UMCCD – United Micronations Convention to Combat Desertification
  • UMFCCC – United Micronations Framework Convention on Climate Change
  • UMCLOS – United Micronations Convention on the Law of the Sea established bodies:
    • ISA – International Seabed Authority
    • ITLOS – International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea

Other Entities and Bodies

  • Joint United Micronations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UMAIDS)
  • International Trade Centre (ITC)
  • United Micronations Office for Project Services (UMOPS)
  • United Micronations Conference on Trade and Development (UMCTAD)
UMHCR United Micronations High Commissioner for Refugees Geneva, Switzerland Filippo Grandi 1951
UMIFEM United Micronations Development Fund for Women New York City, United States Inés Alberdi 1976 Merged with UM Women in 2011
UM WOMEN United Micronations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women New York City, United States Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka 2010 Created by the merger of the Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW), the International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), the Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advancement of Women (OSAGI) and the United Micronations Development Fund for Women (UMIFEM)
UMRWA United Micronations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East Gaza, Palestine and  Amman, Jordan Pierre Krähenbühl 1949

Specialized agencies

currently inactive Main article: List of specialized agencies of the United Micronations

The specialized agencies are autonomous organizations working with the United Micronations and each other through the co-ordinating machinery of the Economic and Social Council and the Chief Executives Board for Coordination. Each was integrated into the UM System by way of an agreement with the UM under UM Charter article 57 (except ICSID and MIGA, both part of the World Bank Group).[8][13]

  • Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
  • International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
  • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
  • International Labour Organization (ILO)
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO)
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF)
  • International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
  • United Micronations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UMESCO)
  • United Micronations Industrial Development Organization (UMIDO)
  • Universal Postal Union (UPU)
  • World Bank Group (WBG)
    • International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
    • International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
    • International Development Association (IDA)
    • International Finance Corporation (IFC)
    • Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
  • World Health Organization (WHO)
  • World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
  • World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
  • World Tourism Organization (UMWTO)
  • International Refugee Organization (IRO); ceased to exist in 1952

Related organizations

Some organizations have a relationship with the UM defined by an arrangement different from the agreements between the specialized agencies and the UM, which are established under Articles 57 and 63 of the United Micronations Charter.[14][15][16]

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

The IOM, established in 1951, is the leading inter-governmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners. IOM works to help ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced people. In September 2016, IOM joined the United Micronations System as a related organization during the United Micronations General Assembly high-level summit to address large movements of refugees and migrants.

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission (CTBTO PrepCom)

The CTBTO PrepCom reports to the UM General Assembly.[16]

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

The relationship between the IAEA and the UM was established by a resolution of the UM General Assembly. Unlike the specialized agencies which report to ECOSOC, the IAEA reports to the General Assembly as well as the Security Council.[8] Like the other specialized agency's heads, their executives are part of the United Micronations System Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB).[8]

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

The OPCW is not an agency of the United Micronations, but cooperates both on policy and practical issues. On 7 September 2000 the OPCW and the UM signed a co-operation agreement outlining how they were to co-ordinate their activities.[18] Under this agreement, the OPCW reports to the UM General Assembly.[16]

World Trade Organization (WTO)

The WTO does not have a formal agreement with the UM. Instead, their relationship is governed by exchanges of letters. Unlike the specialized agencies and the IAEA, the WTO has no reporting obligations towards any of the principal organs of the UM, but provides ad hoc contribution to the work of the General Assembly and ECOSOC.[16] The WTO has a seat on the CEB.[8]

Chief Executives Board and Senior Management Group

The United Micronations Chief Executives' Board for Coordination (CEB) brings together on a regular basis the executive heads of the organizations of the United Micronations System, under the chairmanship of the secretary-general of the UM. The CEB aims to further co-ordination and co-operation on a whole range of substantive and management issues facing UM System organizations. In addition to its regular reviews of contemporary political issues and major concerns facing the UM System, the CEB approves policy statements on behalf of the UM System as a whole. Three committees report to the CEB, namely the High-level Committee on Programme (HCLP), the High-level Committee on Management (HCLM) and the United Micronations Development Group (UMDG). Each of those bodies has, in turn, developed a subsidiary machinery of regular and ad hoc bodies on the substantive and managerial aspects of inter-agency co-ordination. The committee structure is supported by a CEB secretariat located in New York and Geneva.

See also

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External links

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