Nova Roma

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Nova Roma
Flag
File:Worldwide
CapitalTBD
Official languagesLatin
Demonym(s)Nova Roman
GovernmentRepublic
• Consul
Qunitus Arrius Nauta, Aula Tullia Scholastica
LegislatureThe Senate of Nova Roma
Establishment28 February 1998 / Prid. Kal. Mar. MMDCCLI[1][2]
Population
• Census
citizens: >1353, socii: 1608[3]
CurrencySestertius, Denarius, Ases[4]
Time zoneWorldwide / UTC
Website
http://www.novaroma.org/


Nova Roma (stylized as NOVA ROMA) is an organization and micronation dedicated to the study and restoration of ancient Roman culture. Nova Roma outlines various areas of jurisdiction around the world called "provinces", or "provincia" in Latin. The micronation lays claim to be the successor state of the Roman Republic, and lays an inactive claim to all territory that came under the direct control of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire at any time between 753 BCE and 395 CE (0 AUC to 1148 AUC[6]). Due to the impracticality of this on the modern stage, Nova Roma instead only lays an active claim to 108 acres of land in an undecided location wherein to build a capital city for the micronation.[7]

Etymology

The micronation is called "Nova Roma" as it is the Latin phrase for "New Rome" and was common for when claiming to be the successor to the Roman Empire to call one's nation or capital Nova Roma or the equivalent in the native language.[8]

The etymology of Roma is unknown. According to Roman mythology the name for the city of Rome (Roma in Latin), stems from the legend of King Romulus, founder of Roma and as such the name comes from his name. This etymology however may have happened in reverse and it is possible his name came from the city. Other hypotheses are:

  • from Rumon or Rumen, archaic name of the Tiber, which in turn is supposedly related to the Greek verb ῥέω (rhéō) 'to flow, stream' and the Latin verb ruō 'to hurry, rush'
  • from the Etruscan word 𐌓𐌖𐌌𐌀 (ruma), whose root is *rum- "teat", with possible reference either to the totem wolf that adopted and suckled the cognately named twins Romulus and Remus, or to the shape of the Palatine and Aventine Hills
  • from the Greek word ῥώμη (rhṓmē), which means strength.

Despite all of these hypotheses the origin of the word Roma remains uncertain.[9]

The word "nova" is the feminine singular form of the word "novus" in Latin. Novus is a direct cognate of the word "new" in English and stems from the same Proto-Indo-European word "*néwos" also meaning new.[10][11]

Calendar

The Nova Roman Calendar is based on the Ancient Roman Calendar. The calendar of Ancient Rome is an inclusive calendar counting towards the Kalends, the Ides or the Nones and years are counted from the founding of the city (ab urbe condita, or AUC).[12] You can also give the dating by using the name of both serving consuls as the description of the year - be aware this is not the same as the name of the year, but merely saying both consuls served this year!

The calendar was originally a Lunisolar calendar,[13] a calendar which intended to align with both the Sun and the Moon through means of intercalation. The months of the lunisolar calendar are based on phases of the moon.

The Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides

The Roman calendar operated through the use of three main days (the Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides), in reference to which all dates were given by counting inclusively towards the next main day. To refer to the 29th of January, for instance, the date would be "ante diem quartum Kalendas Februarias (a.d. IV Kal. Feb.)," literally translated to "the fourth day before the February Kalends. When the date to be given is one of these three sacred days (Kalends, Nones, Ides), the date is given as the day and month, both in the feminine ablative plural. Therefore, "Kalendis Aprilibus," "Nonis Septembribus," "Idibus Maiis."[14]

The Kalends

The Kalends (pl. Kalendae) is always the first day of the month and is sacred to Iuno (Juno). The first of the month, following the lunar part of the calendar's operation, was the day following the appearance of the New Moon. On this day, the Rex Sacrorum, together with a pontifex minor, offered a sacrifice to Iuno, and announced the date of the coming Nones, which fell on the day after the First Quarter.

The Nones

The Nones (pl. Nonae), falling on either the fifth or seventh day of the month, came the day after the First Quarter of the lunar cycle. On this day, the Regina Sacrorum offered to Iuno at the Regia either a lamb or a pig,[15] after which the feriae for the entire month were announced. Before the Nones of any given month (with the exception of the Poplifugium), no feriae publicae were held.

The Ides

the Ides (pl. Idus) came, either on the thirteenth or fifteenth day of the month, on the day after the full moon. On this day, a sacrifice was given to Iuppiter (Jupiter), for which reason it is commonly noted as Feriae Iovi in the ancient Fasti (calendar). From here, the Pontifices determined the number of days remaining until the next New Moon, which would restart the cycle.

The Ides, also, were always dies Nefasti Publici, given their permanent status as Feriae Iovi, without exception.

Months

The pre-Julian Latin name and forms are only given when in disagreement with the Gregorian equivalents.

Months
English Gregorian Latin / Pre-Julian Latin Accusative plural Ablative plural
January Ianuarius Ianuarias Ianuariis
February Februarius Februarias Februariis
March Martius Martias Martiis
April Aprilis Apriles Aprilibus
May Maius Maias Maiis
June Iunius Iunias Iuniis
July Iulius / Quin[c]tilis Iulias / Quin[c]tiles Iuliis / Quin[c]tilibus
August Augustus / Sextilis Augustas / Sextiles Augustis / Sextilibus
September September Septembres Septembribus
October October Octobres Octobribus
November November Novembres Novembribus
December December Decembres Decembribus

Table of Dates

Ianuarius / Sextilis / December Februarius Februarius (leap year) Martius / Maius / Quintilis / October Aprilis / Iunius / September / November
1 Kalendis Kalendis Kalendis Kalendis Kalendis
2 a.d. IV Non. a.d. IV Non. a.d. IV Non. a.d. VI Non. a.d. IV Non.
3 a.d. III Non. a.d. III Non. a.d. III Non. a.d. V Non. a.d. III Non.
4 pridie Nonas pridie Nonas pridie Nonas a.d. IV Non. pridie Nonas
5 Nonis Nonis Nonis a.d. III Non. Nonis
6 a.d. VIII Id. a.d. VIII Id. a.d. VIII Id. pridie Nonas a.d. VIII Id.
7 a.d. VII Id. a.d. VII Id. a.d. VII Id. Nonis a.d. VII Id.
8 a.d. VI Id. a.d. VI Id. a.d. VI Id. a.d. VIII Id. a.d. VI Id.
9 a.d. V Id. a.d. V Id. a.d. V Id. a.d. VII Id. a.d. V Id.
10 a.d. IV Id.0 a.d. IV Id. a.d. IV Id. a.d. VI Id. a.d. IV Id.
11 a.d. III Id. a.d. III Id. a.d. III Id. a.d. V Id. a.d. III Id.
12 pridie Idus pridie Idus pridie Idus a.d. IV Id. pridie Idus
13 Idibus Idibus Idibus a.d. III Id. Idibus
14 a.d. XIX Kal. a.d. XVI Kal. a.d. XVI Kal. pridie Idus a.d. XVIII Kal.
15 a.d. XVIII Kal. a.d. XV Kal. a.d. XV Kal. Idibus a.d. XVII Kal.
16 a.d. XVII Kal. a.d. XIV Kal. a.d. XIV Kal. a.d. XVII Kal. a.d. XVI Kal.
17 a.d. XVI Kal. a.d. XIII Kal. a.d. XIII Kal. a.d. XVI Kal. a.d. XV Kal.
18 a.d. XV Kal. a.d. XII Kal. a.d. XII Kal. a.d. XV Kal. a.d. XIV Kal.
19 a.d. XIV Kal. a.d. XI Kal. a.d. XI Kal. a.d. XIV Kal. a.d. XIII Kal.
20 a.d. XIII Kal. a.d. X Kal. a.d. X Kal. a.d. XIII Kal. a.d. XII Kal.
21 a.d. XII Kal. a.d. IX Kal. a.d. IX Kal. a.d. XII Kal. a.d. XI Kal.
22 a.d. XI Kal. a.d. VIII Kal. a.d. VIII Kal. a.d. XI Kal. a.d. X Kal.
23 a.d. X Kal. a.d. VII Kal. a.d. VII Kal. a.d. X Kal. a.d. IX Kal.
24 a.d. IX Kal. a.d. VI Kal. a.d. bis VI Kal. a.d. IX Kal. a.d. VIII Kal.
25 a.d. VIII Kal. a.d. V Kal. a.d. VI Kal. a.d. VIII Kal. a.d. VII Kal.
26 a.d. VII Kal. a.d. IV Kal. a.d. V Kal. a.d. VII Kal. a.d. VI Kal.
27 a.d. VI Kal. a.d. III Kal. a.d. IV Kal. a.d. VI Kal. a.d. V Kal.
28 a.d. V Kal. pridie Kalendas a.d. III Kal. a.d. V Kal. a.d. IV Kal.
29 a.d. IV Kal. pridie Kalendas a.d. IV Kal. a.d. III Kal.
30 a.d. III Kal. a.d. III Kal. pridie Kalendas
31 pridie Kalendas pridie Kalendas

Religio Romana

An integral part of the activities of Nova Roma is the Religio Romana, the ancient faith of the people of Rome. Both the household religion (sacra privata) and the so-called state religion (sacra publica) are vital to the Religio Romana, and both are represented in the practices of Nova Roma. Our long-term goal is the restoration of the ancient priestly Collegia and the honoring of the full cycle of Roman holidays throughout the year. For now, we must make do with a schedule that is practical and the training of individuals who wish to take up the sacred offices.

Via Romana

Also important for Nova Roma is the Via Romana, a general revival of all other aspects of Roman culture, from cookery to literature, philosophy, ancient Roman Law and the arts. A core aspect of the Roman culture which Nova Roma endeavours to revive is what are known as the Roman Virtues. Another aspect of the Roman culture in Nova Roma is the promotion of the Lingua Latina.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.novaroma.org/nr/MMDCCLI
  2. ↑ http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Roman_dates
  3. ↑ http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Citizen_(Nova_Roma)
  4. ↑ http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Coin_(Nova_Roma)
  5. ↑ http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Declaration_(Nova_Roma)
  6. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita
  7. ↑ http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Declaration_(Nova_Roma)
  8. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Rome
  9. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Roma#Latin
  10. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nova#Latin
  11. ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/novus#Latin
  12. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita
  13. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar
  14. ↑ http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Roman_dates#Days
  15. ↑ Lesley and Roy Adkins. "Nones", Dictionary of Roman Religion. ISBN 0195142330

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