Francillish language
| Francillish | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Regulated by | D'College Linguistisch-Francilisch |
| Spoken in | Landashir |
| Type | Artlang |
- Not to be confused with Francillian.
Francillish (Francilisch or Londelandisch) is a constructed language loosely based on Old Francillian, bearing some historical linguistic resemblance to the Francillian language, although over time both languages have lost many of their corresponding features. The language is spoken in Landashir by its culturally Francillish population.
History
The language is based on and is linguistically identified in the group of High German Languages which includes German and Luxembourgish. The structure of Francillish is however holds linguistic differences, such as its absence of grammatical cases; this acts as a main point of distinction between the Francillian and Francillish languages, who however share some similar vocabulary, idioms and means of expression. Attempts had been made, however, to regulate both languages to make sure the void between them did not enlarge further. Despite all attempts, the languages are by no means mutually intelligible and Francillish has since been affected by language contact with Norwegian and English.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ m | /n/ n | /ŋ/ ng | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | /p/ p | /b/ b | /t/ t | /d/ d | /k/ c, k, q | |||||||||||
| Fricative | /f/ f, v | /v/ w | /s/ s | /ʃ/ s, ch, sch | /j/ j | /x/, /ɣ/ g | /h/ h | |||||||||
| Approximant | /l/ l | |||||||||||||||
| Trill | /r/ r | |||||||||||||||
| Affricate | /t͡s/ z, tz, c, ti | |||||||||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | round | |||
| Close | /i/ i | /u/ u | ||
| Close-mid | /e/ e, é, et | /ø/ y | ||
| Mid | /ə/ e, ë | |||
| Open-mid | /ɛ/ ä | /ɔ/ o | ||
| Open | /a/ a, á | /ɒ/ o | ||
Note: All double vowels and vowels with acutes are long
| Spelling | IPA |
|---|---|
| ae | /aːə/ |
| ai | /ai/ |
| au | /au/ |
| ée | /eə/ |
| éi | /ei/ |
| ie | /iːə/ |
| oe | /oːə/ |
| oi | /ɔi/ |
| ou | /ou/ |
| ue | /ʊe/ |
Vocabulary
Alphabet and Pronounciation
Francillish uses the Latin orthography, utilising accents and dipthongs which are not limited to the following: é (akin to the French /e/), á (accented ah), ä (similar to the German equivalent) and ë (found in Luxembourgish orthography). Pronunciation is generally phonetic; it is only where cognates are concerned where pronunciation rules differ. The Francillish accent is not the same as that of German or Francillian as /r/ is pronounced as an alveolar trill as opposed to the uvular trill or the uvular fricative ([ʁ] and [ʀ] respectively) and /sch/ and /ch/ share the same pronunciation, taking the voiceless palato-alveolar fricative, [ʃ]. The allophones of both the guttural and the palatial fricatives of /ch/ as found in German and Dutch are nonexistent. /G/, or the plosive velar consonant is softly respirated and is therefore considered somewhat a "hybrid" of plosive-fricative in its delivery. Words which end in /et/ are an anomaly; the 't' is not pronounced whatsoever, and the 'e' is intonated which produces a result similar to that of the French equivalent of /et/, [e]. For example, the reflexive first-person accusative 'met' is said as [me] as opposed to [mɛːt'].
Common Words and Phrases
- Hello (formal) or Good Afternoon: Moien
- Hi (informal): Hé
- Greetings: Weltzgekomt" (note that the plosive-fricative velar hybrid will be respirated here - [vəltsxəkɔmt])
- Good Morning: Guete Morge
- Good Evening: Guete Farge
- Good Night: Guete Nicht
- Goodbye: Adieu
- Yes: Ja
- No: Néi
- Please: Háttes
- Thank you: Merci
- How are you: Kaat gees dech?
- Well: Weltz
- Bad Schlëcht
- Alright/ not bad: 's gees
- How: Kaat? (archaic) or Wéi?
- What/ Which: Firn"/"-e"
- Where: vort?
- Why: war?
- Who: weer?
- Because: ford...
- With: mët
- And: en
- But: mar
Grammar
| Grammar at a glance | |
| Morphological typology | Analytic/Isolating |
|---|---|
| Morphosyntactic alignment | Accusative |
| Head direction | Initial |
| Constituent order | SVO |
Francillish is split into:
- Three Genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter
- Cases (or a lack thereof): prepositions usually set off certain words to include an 'e' after ("in mine Staad": in my town)
- Two numbers: Singular and Plural
Sentences follow a general Subject Verb Object system, as found in several Germanic languages. Like in German, auxiliary verbs and first verbs set off past participles and other secondary verbs which must go the end of a clause. For example:
- Jann éts d' schreklëche Kuch - John eats the awful cake
- Jann has d' schreklëche Kuch geétet - John has eaten the awful cake
- Mech denken de dech moed vas - I think you are tired
- Hen viss de dech de Buch gekéeft has - He knows you have bought the book
Nouns and Gender
| Masc. | Fem. | Neuter | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite (the) | de | das | d' | den |
| Indefinite (a/an) | he | has | h' | - |
| Partitive (some) | zom | - | - | - |
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns are shown below. Bracketed (e)s are by no means obligatory and can be used with nouns that end in (e) or to create better "flow" when speaking. Possessive pronouns in Francillish do not change with gender and are not inflected by case.
| Nominative (I) | Accusative (me) | Posessive (my/mine) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Mech | Met | Min(e) |
| You | Dech | Det | Din(e) |
| He | Hen | Het | Hin(e) |
| She | Sen | Set | Sin(ne) |
| It/ You (generic) | Il | Es | Ils(e) |
| We | Mir | Mir | Mirsem ('sem) |
| They | Hins | Hins | Hinse |
Verbs
Most Francillish verbs are regular, with the exceptions of Vant and Hatsen
The two most commonly used irregular verbs, of course, are Vant (to be) and hatsin (to have).
Vant (to be) - Mech van (I am), Dech vas (You are), Hen vas (He is), Sen vas (She is), Il vas (It is), Mir vat (We are), Hin vat (They are)
Hatsen (to have) - Mech hat (I have), Dech has (You have), Hen has (He has), Sen has (She has), Il has (It has), Mir hat (We have), Hin hat (They have)
Example text
Luxemburgisch vas og in kléene Delen vun Belgische, Frankische en Déitsche gemegebüngte Landen gesprecht. In Déitschland en d' Lorränischstrik, vas es éenfach de lokalische Déitschdialekt geprueft. Sét de Tvénse Mondische Kréeg ab, has d' Sprech necht in dëne Landen geletet vant, mët d' Resultat, de d' Usaage fur den altere Generatiounen grouss beschrenkt vas.
Luxembourgish is also spoken in small parts of the surrounding countries of Belgium, France, and Germany. In Germany and Lorraine it is simply considered the local German dialect. Since the Second World War, however, the language has not been taught in these countries, with the result that use of Luxembourgish is largely restricted to the older generations.
De Versailles-Vertrag gevan das Fréengsregelëng, das, na de Énste Mondische Kréeg in d' Jaar 1918 geendet gehat, unnerschréeben gevant. De Vertrag gefuert fur das Unabbanigkéet vun vuele Landen, wéi das Déitschoasterréische Republik, de Ducatréisch vu Galisie en das Déimokratische Ungarische Republik. Den Vertrag gemëddigt Déitschland, en das gefuert fur d' Resultat, de Hitlers Autoaritat gesterkt vant gezülllt, en de das Populatioun og fur das Éndrëngung vu Lorränstrik a d' Oast vu Rhéin geénfluesst vant gezüllt.
The Treaty of Versailles was the peace settlement signed after World War One had ended in 1918. The Treaty resulted in the independence of many nations such as the Republic of German Austria, the Duchy of Galicia and the Hungarian Democratic Republic. This treaty humiliated Germany which made it easier for Hitler's authority to increase and inspire the population to invade the Rhineland, east of the Rhine River.