View source for Grand Unified Micronational

{{GA|revision=203079|date=1 January 2013}}
{| class="toccolours" style="float: right; clear:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 88%; width: 22em;"
| colspan="2" align="center" |<big>'''Grand Unified Micronational'''</big><hr />
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" |'''Intermicronational organisation'''
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" |[[File:Logo of the Grand Unified Micronational.svg|210px]]
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" |Logo
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" |<hr />
|-
|'''Headquarters'''
|Quorum of Delegates (Discord Server)
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" |<hr />
|-
|'''[[Official language]]'''
|[[w:English language|English]]
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" |<hr />
|-
|'''Membership'''
|47 full members, 1 provisional member, 8 observers
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" |<hr />
|-
|'''Leadership'''
|-
|<small>[[Chair of the Grand Unified Micronational|Chairman]]</small>
|<small>[[Jack Dean]]</small>
|-
|<small>[[Vice-Chair of the Grand Unified Micronational|Vice-Chairman]]</small>
|<small>[[Lord Matthew of Essexia|Matthew of Essexia]]</small>
|-
|<small>[[Supreme Justice of the Grand Unified Micronational|Supreme Justice]]</small>
|<small>[[Anthony Clark]]</small>
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" |<hr />
|-
|'''Establishment'''
|-
|<small>– Foundation</small>
|<small>5 January 2009</small>
|-
|<small>– Constitution ratified</small>
|<small>14 April 2009</small>
|-
|<small>- Attempted dissolution</small>
|<small>20 September 2010</small>
|-
|<small>- Restoration</small>
|<small>14 August 2011</small>
|-
|<small>- Constitution revised</small>
|<small>19 February 2012</small>
|-
|<small>- [[GUM/Charter|Implementation of 2014 Charter]]</small>
|<small>15 February 2014</small>
|-
|<small>- Reformed into formal discussion venue</small>
|<small>14 June 2015</small>
|-
|<small>- [[GUM/Charter2016|Implementation of current Charter]]</small>
|<small>4 June 2016</small>
| colspan="2" align="center" |<hr />
| colspan="2" align="center" |<hr />
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" |{{URL|https://grandunifiedmicronational.org}} <br> [https://gumnews.wordpress.com/ News site]
|}

The '''Grand Unified Micronational''', commonly abbrieviated as the '''GUM''', is an [[intermicronational organisation]] with the aim of helping diplomatic relations between micronations, with a general focus on its own member states. Founded in January 2009,<ref>[[Jonathan I, Emperor of Austenasia|Augustus, Jonathan]]. [https://austenasiantimes.wordpress.com/2014/12/13/taeglan-i-nihilus-elected-gum-chair/ Taeglan I Ninilus Elected GUM Chair], 13 December 2014. ''[[Austenasian Times]]''. Retrieved 26 January 2019.</ref> the GUM is the foremost international organisation in the [[MicroWiki nations|MicroWiki Community]].

The GUM held an almost hegemonic sway over the community (especially under [[Robert Lethler]]'s terms as Chairman) from the summer of 2009 until it declined in the summer of 2010, exacerbated by competition from the new [[Organisation of Active Micronations]]. After a year of dormancy when the organisation was erroneously thought to have been dissolved, the GUM was revived in August 2011, coinciding with the decline of the OAM. A new Charter was adopted in 2014 in an effort to combat creeping inactivity, but by 2015 it was decided to dissolve the GUM as an organisation, living on as a formal discussion group in the GUM Lounge. In 2016, the GUM was refounded again, adopting a new Charter. In 2018, the organisation moved from [[w:Skype|Skype]] to [[w:Discord (software)|Discord]]; since then, its membership has surged to an all-time high, making it the largest and most influential organisation in the MicroWiki community.

The principle organ of the GUM is the Quorum of Delegates, which consists of delegations from each of the organisation's 47 member states. The [[Chair of the Grand Unified Micronational|Chair]], considered one of the most prestigious positions in the MicroWiki community, is elected every six months to serve as the Quorum's presiding officer and the organisation's chief executive officer and overall leader; they are assisted by a [[Vice-Chair of the Grand Unified Micronational|Vice-Chair]]. The organisation's judicial arm is the Supreme Court, led by a [[Supreme Justice of the Grand Unified Micronational|Supreme Judge]].

The GUM's regular discussion of current micronational topics in the formal GUM Lounge and the informal GUM Politan, as well as Quorum sessions held at least once a month in a Discord server, make it one of the most active intermicronational organisations in existence. It remains one of very few active general-purpose intermicronational organisations in the MicroWiki community, outliving the [[United Micronations (2008)|UNMCN]], [[Organisation of Active Micronations]], and [[IMTO]]. GUM member states can be found on every continent, and have territory bordered by more than thirty different macronations. {{As of|2020|7}}, an estimated 1000 people are residents of GUM member states, with a total of approximately 1600 citizens (this figure rises to over 2000 if one includes [[Austenasia|Austenasian]] and [[Adammia|Adammic]] honourary citizens).

==History==

===2009-10===
The Grand Unified Micronational was founded in January [[2009]] by Tsar Royalé [[Jacob Tierney]] of Scientopia (predecessor of [[Renasia]]). The constitutionally recognised founding member states of Grand Unified Micronational were the [[Kingdom of Camuria]], the [[Erusia|Democratic People’s Republic of Erusia]], [[Scientopia]], the [[Republic of Petorio]], [[Kingdom of Barrington|Stigistan]], [http://micronations.wikia.com/wiki/Tozland Tozland] and the [[Federal Republic of St.Charlie]]. Following investigations by the organisation, the Kingdom of Camuria was suspended from membership in late February 2009 (see the [[c:Grand Unified Micronational; Analysis of Camurian Falsehoods|GUM Analysis of Camurian Falsehoods]]). During [[Black March]] (2009), the Grand Unified Micronational dealt with peace negotiations in the [[Meissner-Antifan War]] between [[Scientopia]] and the [[Empire of New Europe]].<ref>Grand Unified Micronational on Twitter. [https://twitter.com/grandunifiedmn/status/1081342902847107072 It's our 10th birthday! The Chair has just made this speech to the 24 Hour Quorum.]</ref>

The [[c:Constitution of the Grand Unified Micronational|Charter]] of the Grand Unified Micronational, written by [[Robert Lethler]], was officially adopted on 19 April. May 2009 saw the collapse of the [[Union of Socialist Micronational Republics]], after which the Union's membership was passed onto the Democratic People’s Republic of Erusia. Erusia's "Cold War" with [[Empire of New Europe|New Europe]] helped the GUM in its rise to supreme influence over the MicroWiki community, as it helped with negotiations between the two most powerful nations of that time. When [[New Euro-Erusian War|war]] eventually broke out between those two nations in July 2009, the organisation was heavily involved in peace talks - the [[Treaty of Universal Non-Aggression]], which acted as a peace treaty ending this conflict, became a document which the GUM encouraged its members to sign.

The GUM was also involved in mediation between disputes over Antarctic claims. In the [[Siple War]], the organisation originally backed [[Finismund]] and [[Flandrensis]], but later adopted a neutral view of the conflict; further Antarctic disagreements were seen in the [[Poaching Conflict]] and in the [[Rhodesian War]], the latter of which helped to cement the GUM's hold on the MicroWiki Sector by resulting in the dissolution of the [[United Micronations (2008)|UNMCN]], the only remaining competition for the GUM as a [[w:United Nations|UN-style]] body in the community. 

The winter of 2009 and the spring of 2010 saw many older micronations fall into inactivity and many new micronations join the community, destablising the status quo and slightly decreasing the influence of the Grand Unified Micronational; this was not helped by the rise of the [[Organisation of Active Micronations (2009)|Organisation of Active Micronations]]. The GUM was still greatly respected by older micronationalists, however, and played a vital role in negotiating for the [[Austenasian Monarchical Referendum|referendum]] which ended the [[Austenasian Civil War]] fought between March and May 2010. Diplomatic conflict and tension in the community rapidly grew during the summer of 2010 (caused by new micronations such as Starland and Rajputistan, and the rise of the [[Conservative Union|Intermicronational Conservative Alliance]]) which the GUM was not able to effectively deal with.

===Dormant period===

After the departure of [[Robert Lethler]] and the collapse of [[Erusia]] and the then-incarnation of [[Sandus]] at the end of July [[2010]], the organisation fell into inactivity, with numerous bureaucratic issues also formed by Lethler's departure. A possible merge with the [[Organisation of Active Micronations (2009)|Organisation of Active Micronations]] was unsuccessfully proposed (the OAM rejecting all terms offered), and Acting Chairman [[James von Puchow]] announced on 22 August a reform that was intended to bring the GUM back to activity in mid-September [[2010]]. However, no action was taken during the month other than the disbanding of the Councils, and James von Puchow announced on 20 September 2010 that he had dissolved the organisation.

===2011-15===

Due to the state of inactivity that the GUM had been in, the dissolution by von Puchow was neither questioned nor opposed at the time. However, during February 2011 it was openly questioned whether or not the Chair had the power to unanimously dissolve the organisation, and in August of that year it was discovered that von Puchow's term had expired by the time of the alleged dissolution, meaning that that GUM was ''de jure'' merely dormant, not disestablished. A number of national leaders, under the leadership of [[Jacob Tierney]] and [[Will Sörgel]], gathered together and re-established the GUM at 20:48 on 14 August 2011.
[[File:Photo0022.jpg|thumb|left|A poster of support left by the GUM at Occupy London]]
Acting leaders were quickly elected - Tierney as Acting Chair, Sörgel as Acting Vice-Chair, and [[Jonathan I, Emperor of Austenasia|Crown Prince Jonathan]] as Supreme Judge. It was decided that the GUM should have a month of consolidation and gradual regrowth before publicly announcing its rebirth to the community, both in order to protect some of its current members (one delegate was also an official in the [[OAM]], and it was decided to wait for him to lose that office in the next OAM elections to protect him from reprisals) and to ensure that the GUM would emerge consolidated and united and be ready to deal with whatever came its way. The "former" members which were not aware of the rebirth of the organisation were either informed, suspended, or expelled from the GUM (but with no restrictions on re-applying), and nations which had never been part of the GUM before (such as [[Tiana]] and [[Parliamentary Republic of Dorzhabad|Dorzhabad]]) were welcomed into the organisation. The initial plan to publicly relaunch when ready was disrupted by [[TASPAC]], which released news of the GUM's re-establishment in response to a dossier written by the recently-returned [[Robert Lethler]] against [[Aldrich Lucas]], which Lethler had presented to the GUM before publicly releasing. News of the imminent release of the dossier was leaked to TASPAC by [[Joseph Puglisi]], the response of which caused the [[Yablokogate|Yablokogate diplomatic crisis]], resulting in [[Tiana]] and [[Free Peasant Republic of Stodænna|Stodænna]] leaving the GUM and being expelled from TASPAC. The results of constitutional leadership elections were announced on 13 September, with all acting leaders retaining their positions.
[[File:PhysicalQuorum2012.jpg|thumb|right|A paper signed by the delegates at the GUM's only face-to-face Quorum to date.]] 
Between the "rebirth" of the GUM and the end of 2011, it sent a physical representative to [[w:Occupy London|Occupy LSX]] to express support for the ideological aims of the [[w:"Occupy" protests|Occupy movement]], achieved a goal of encouraging three-quarters of its members to become a signatory to the Treaty of Universal Peace, a treaty aiming to make wars of aggression illegal under intermicronational law, and shifted away from the idea of a community equivalent of the [[w:United Nations|United Nations]] to an organisation that would exist primarily for the benefit of its own members. New leadership elections were successfully held in December 2011, and under the Chairmanship of the then [[Jonathan I, Emperor of Austenasia|Crown Prince Jonathan of Austenasia]] the organisation successfully implemented a program of constitutional reform, with a number of amendments and additions codifying conventions and removing needless bureacratic or defunct features of the Constitution being officially adopted on 19 February 2012. Crown Prince Jonathan's successor, [[Bradley of Dullahan]], became the first Chairman to be removed by a vote of no confidence when the Quorum passed one on 22 April in response to his disregard for the entrenchment of the Constitution and his lack of knowledge of GUM proceedings and conventions. Bradley was replaced with [[Will Sörgel]] as Acting Chair until June, when Crown Prince Jonathan was re-elected. The Crown Prince chaired the first face-to-face physically in-person Quorum<ref name="AT2">Augustus, Jonathan. [https://austenasiantimes.wordpress.com/2013/01/19/crown-prince-appointed-acting-chair-of-the-gum/ Crown Prince appointed acting Chair of the GUM], 19 January 2013. ''[[Austenasian Times]]''. Retrieved 26 January 2020.</ref> in the history of the organisation on 15 July 2012 in the aftermath of the [[2012 Polination Conference]], with [[Empire of Austenasia|Austenasian]], [[Federal Republic of St.Charlie|St.Charlian]], [[Free State of Renasia|Renasian]], [[State of Sandus|Sandum]] and [[Kingdom of Juclandia|Juclandian]] delegations present ([[James Stewart]] having been appointed a provisional Juclandian delegate).

Later that year the GUM organised the [[24 Hour Quorum]], the first event of its kind, which ran from 14–15 August and was attended by micronationalists from the whole community and beyond. Five or more people were kept online and talking for 24 hours, and some of those partaking were sponsored, leading to money (US $128, over £80) being donated to various charities.<ref name="AT2" />

January 2013 saw [[2012-13 GUM leadership scandal|controversy]] as Chairman [[Yaroslav Mar]] and Vice-Chairman [[Bradley of Dullahan]] were accused of conspiring with Secretary of the Security Council [[Haakon Lindstrom]] to remove [[Sandus]] and [[Juclandia]] from the GUM for political reasons.<ref name="AT1">[https://austenasiantimes.wordpress.com/2012/12/31/gum-in-turmoil-as-member-states-expelled/ GUM in turmoil as member states expelled], 31 December 2012. ''[[Austenasian Times]]''. Retrieved 26 January 2020.</ref> Accusations and arguments resulted in some member states leaving and the former three individuals all resigning from their positions of leadership in the organisation, with Crown Prince Jonathan becoming Acting Chair on 19 January.<ref name="AT2" /> The organisation soon returned to normality under his direction, with former members rejoining and the GUM focusing on various projects, and the March, June and September 2013 elections went ahead as planned.

Towards the end of 2013, activity began to decline, and the December elections that year were almost completely forgotten about until the last minute. This prompted fresh efforts to revitalise the organisation, led by [[Ciprian]] of [[Juclandia]] as Chairman. On 15 February 2014, these efforts led to the Quorum approving a new Charter to replace the old Constitution. This finally abolished the Security and Advancement Councils, as well as introducing the Secretariat. Bradley of Dullahan continued the development of the Secretariat during his term from March to June 2014 by introducing the GUM Staff, comprised of all the executive offices along with the Supreme Judge, which held regular meetings in addition to the standard Quorum meetings. [[Joseph Kennedy]] became Chair during the June to September 2014 term, which saw new projects to revise the Charter based on the recommendations of Supreme Judge [[Taeglan I Nihilus, Reylan Emperor|Taeglan I Nihilus]] and to hold a Mock Trial in order to provide the organisation with some experience in handling legal matters. These projects continued into the term of [[Adam Belcher|Adam I]] in September 2014. On 24 September 2014, the Quorum voted to expand the Secretariat by creating Junior Secretaries, which were optional in each department.

During the term of [[Taeglan I Nihilus, Reylan Emperor|Taeglan I]], which started in December 2014, activity in the GUM started to decline. Wyvern, a long-time member state, renounced its membership in February 2015. Although plans were made during the March 2015 elections by candidates Adam I and James I to restore the GUM's reputation, it was soon realised that it was too little, too late when it was announced that the election was invalid due to turnout being too low. The growing consensus both inside and outside the organisation was that it was time to dissolve the GUM for good. Based on a proposal by Austenasia's delegates, Adam I of Adammia - who was eventually elected to a second term after a new election on 1 April - put a motion before Quorum on 12 April 2015 which would begin the process of amending the GUM Charter to dissolve the GUM as an organisation, but retain the GUM Lounge as a formal venue for professional discourse between politicians and diplomats. After this motion was passed, the GUM ceased all activity for almost two months, until an Extraordinary Constituent Quorum was summoned to repeal almost all of the Charter. The motions to repeal the necessary articles were passed on 14 June 2015, at which point the GUM as an intergovernmental organisation was considered dissolved.<ref>Augustus, Jonathan. [https://austenasiantimes.wordpress.com/2015/06/14/grand-unified-micronational-reformed/ Grand Unified Micronational reformed], 14 June 2015. ''Austenasian Times''. Retrieved 26 January 2020.</ref>

===Lounge phase===

[[File:GUM full members graph.png|400px|thumb|right|Graph showing the number of full member states since 2014.]]

Upon the effective dissolution of the GUM as an intergovernmental organisation, the GUM Lounge Skype group was retained, and functioned as a formal venue for professional civil discussion between micronationalists, the office of the Chairman becoming the moderator of said Skype group. On 30 July 2015, under new rules for the election of the Chairman, [[Jonathan I, Emperor of Austenasia|Emperor Jonathan I]] was for a third time elected as Chairman.

By having scaled itself back to no more than a Skype group, the GUM was able to survive with legal continuity until such time as there was perceived to once again be a need for an intermicronational organisation in the MicroWiki sector. On 14 April 2016, after several weeks of private discussion between several micronationalists, Jonathan I and others in support of the idea brought up in the Lounge the topic of restoring the GUM as an intermicronational organisation. Those whom it was considered likely would oppose the project were removed from the room, and a Quorum was held. Meetings and discussion between those interested in the idea continued for several weeks, until a new Charter was approved on 23 May. The first eighteen national delegations to ratify the new Charter became the new members of the GUM, with the organisation being officially restarted on 4 June upon the eighteenth ratification.

===Present===

The entering into force of the new Charter sparked an election for Chair, for which Jonathan I did not stand. [[Fionnbarra Ó Cathail]] was elected Chair by nine votes to one, and took power on 25 June 2016. Since its return as an organisation, the Grand Unified Micronational has grown in membership and held weekly meetings to discuss various goals and projects. On 7 May 2017, the organization - by that time under Chair [[Henry Clément]] - held a [[24 Hour Quorum (2017)|second 24 Hour Quorum]], raising over $140 for various charities.

In December 2017, as a response to a decrease in activity both in the organization and throughout the community,<ref>Augustus, Jonathan. [https://austenasiantimes.wordpress.com/2017/11/27/on-the-grand-unified-micronational-and-what-plagues-it/ On the Grand Unified Micronational and what plagues it], 27 November 2017. ''Austenasian Times''. Retrieved 26 January 2020.</ref> the GUM saw several reforms which shifted Quorum to a monthly affair and made the Lounge the central arena for discussion.<ref>Eden, Horatio. [http://www.abeldanetelegraph.com/quorum-of-delegates-relaxed.htm Quorum of Delegates to be relaxed, will only meet on a monthly basis], 28 December 2017. ''Abeldane Telegraph''. Retrieved 26 January 2019.</ref> Activity continued to decline to a low point under [[Adam I of Uberstadt]], and was reversed when [[Adam I, Emperor of Adammia|Adam I of Adammia]] was elected in July 2018. During his year-long double term (the only time a Chair has ever been re-elected to a second consecutive term), the organisation made the long-awaited transition from Skype to Discord (months after the majority of the MicroWiki community had abandoned the former platform), which resulted in the GUM doubling in membership from 16 full member states when he took office to 32 by the end of his term. It was also under his leadership that the GUM held the third [[24 Hour Quorum (2019)|24 Hour Quorum]] in January 2019 to celebrate the organisation's 10th anniversary, and the [[2019 GUM Birmingham Summit|Birmingham Summit]] in June 2019, the first micronational summit to be held in the UK for four years, and the first summit ever organised by the GUM.

The GUM continued to grow under the Chairmanship of [[Bradley of Dullahan]] and [[Thomas Bainbridge]]. Despite the latter's term being marred by scandals, with Bainbridge often being criticised for acting ultra vires, the organisation surpassed 40 full member states for the first time ever, and the fourth [[24 Hour Quorum (2020)|24 Hour Quorum]] was held in May 2020. However, plans for more in-person summits were postponed due to the coronavirus pandemic. Despite this, [[Newton von Uberquie]] and [[Matthew S (Essexia)|Matthew of Essexia]] made history by being the first Chair and Vice-Chair to meet in-person for over 8 years - when the two had a formal meeting in [[Greater Baddow]], [[Essexia]] on 20 July 2020.<ref>S, Matthew. [https://essexian.com/essexia-and-uber-esse-meet-again/ Essexia and Uber-Esse meet again], 20 July 2020. ''The Essexian Post''. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</ref> Recently, activity in the GUM has flourished, due in part to the pandemic causing a resurgence in interest in micronationalism (with many former Chairs, such as [[James Stewart]], returning to the GUM), and an increased perception of toxicity in the [[MicroWiki@Discord]] server, with some seeing the GUM as a safe haven. At the end of [[Newton von Uberquie]]'s term as Chairman, Charter reform was also initiated for the first time since 2016.

[[Jack Dean]] was elected as Chairman on 1 January 2021 with the most votes in the organisations history, with the [[Grand Unified Micronational election, December 2020|2020 election]] itself having the highest turnout on record at 95.8%. The election has been described by some as proving that the organisation is the most active, and the least hostile to both new micronations and micronationalists, that it has ever been.<ref>S, Matthew. [https://essexian.com/jack-dean-beats-adam-belcher-in-historic-win-to-become-the-next-chair-of-the-grand-unified-micronational/ Jack Dean beats Adam Belcher in historic win to become the next Chair of the Grand Unified Micronational], 1 January 2021. ''The Essexian Post''. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</ref>

==Structure==

The Grand Unified Micronational is comprised of three branches, each of them resembling one branch of the three powers in state: legislative, executive and judicial. The separation of powers is set out in Article 1 of the [[GUM/Charter2016|Charter]], and consists of:

*The Quorum of Delegates, "the collective body of delegations from each member state," serving as the supreme legislative organ of the GUM, but also being given "supreme executive, legislative and judicial competence";
*The Chair (and Vice-Chair), "elected by the delegations of the member states to co-ordinate the activities of the organisation" and acting as the executive leader;
*The Supreme Court, the supreme judicial organ.

The [[Chair of the Grand Unified Micronational|Chairman]] acts as the executive leader of the GUM while a Supreme Judge enforces the rules of the organisation, both with the confidence of the Quorum. The Quorum also appoints secretaries to fulfill certain roles. After its creation, the GUM established (with the help of various member states) a Constitution, which was signed and ratified 18 April 2009 and revised in February 2012. The Constitution was abolished and replaced on 15 February 2014 with the first [[GUM/Charter|Charter of the Grand Unified Micronational]], which was replaced by the [[GUM/Charter2016|current Charter]] on 4 June 2016.

===Quorum of Delegates===

The Quorum of Delegates is the main assembly and supreme organ of Grand Unified Micronational.<ref name="AT">Augustus, Jonathan. [https://austenasiantimes.wordpress.com/2012/12/12/crown-prince-re-elected-supreme-judge-as-gum-elections-conclude/ Crown Prince re-elected Supreme Judge as GUM elections conclude.], 12 December 2012. ''[[Austenasian Times]]''. Retrieved 26 January 2020.</ref> The Quorum consists of between one and three delegates from each member state. The Quorum of Delegates serves as a board for discussion between member states, and has the power to vote the decisions made by the organisation, including election of organs and offices of the organisation, as well as recognition of [[GUM/Charter2016|Charter]] ratifications (membership applications). Quorum sessions were held weekly (fortnightly during 2013<ref name="AT" />) on Sunday evenings in a designated Skype chatroom, providing at least 5 full member states were present; under the new Charter, Quorum sessions continue to take place every week on Skype, but now alternate between Saturday and Sunday and midday and evening in order to allow all delegations to attend regardless of timezone. 

===Chairman===
{{Main|Chair of the Grand Unified Micronational}}

The [[Chair of the Grand Unified Micronational|Chair of the Quorum of Delegates]] - currently [[Jack Dean]] of the [[Commonwealth of Essexia]] - is the executive leader and general representative of the Grand Unified Micronational.<ref>Z. Smith & J. Lycon (26 December 2019) [https://issuu.com/curio_rblx/docs/dimeissue1final DIME Magazine Issue #1]</ref> Their role in the organisation is parallel to that of a Secretary General. The term of Chair was three months before June 2015, became unlimited during the 2015-16 dormancy, and since June 2016 has been six months. The Chair is charged with the general administration of the GUM, and has duties and powers such as directing voting and meetings of the Quorum. The Chair also has the power to unilaterally suspend any delegate, although any such decision could be vetoed by the Quorum. The first unofficial chair was the founder of the GUM, [[Jacob Tierney]], although the official inaugural holder of the office was [[Kalvin Koolidge]] of the [[Republic of Petorio]].

As the main external representative of the GUM, the Chair promotes the public image of the GUM and is responsible for representing it in bi- and multilateral discussions. Chairmen since the foundation of the GUM have been actively involved in the processes of conflict mitigation and intermicronational mediation, frequently leading diplomatic teams in peace talks.

In the interests of fairness, the Chairman of the Quorum is always expected to be largely politically independent in order to ensure that they demonstrate no bias in the exercising of their powers. For this reason, candidates for the Chairship during an election are usually experienced diplomats who have made a name for themselves and earned the trust and respect of the membership as a whole, although any delegate has the right to stand.

Though they continue to represent their nation to the GUM, Chairmen are expected to put the interests of the institution before that of their own nation. In debates at Quorum the Chair usually speaks to represent their personal and professional opinion, rather than that of their nation, though they may note - and clearly distinguish - both opinions.

===Supreme Court===

{{Main|Supreme Justice of the Grand Unified Micronational}}

The Supreme Court, formerly known as the Justice Commission is the organisation's intermicronational judicial organ.<ref name="AT" /> The Supreme Court has the power to try member states and other parties which it considered could have violated intermicronational law. The Court is constitutionally obliged to remain unbiased and independent in all its decisions.

Nevertheless, before August 2010, [[Robert Lethler]] was often seen as the man controlling the proceedings of the Justice Commission, sometimes with the collaboration of the Supreme Judges, who were often forced to follow him due to the absence of a legal convention. The Supreme Justice (formerly titled officially as the Chair of the Presidium of the Supreme Tribune, and often known as the Supreme Judge) is the head of the Supreme Court, nominated by the Chair and approved by the Quorum. 

The Justice Commission brought [[New Scientopia]] to trial over negligent disclosure of information regarding [[New Europe]], offered possible trial to the [[Kingdom of Camuria]], introduced the illegalisation of hacking, compiled a list of intermicronational legal terms with clear definitions, and declared official opinions regarding events such as the [[Rhodesian War]]. Since the return of the organisation from its 2010-11 dormancy, the main duty of the Supreme Justice has been to interpret the Charter and to offer rulings and advice on GUM regulations and conventions.

There have been [[Supreme Justice of the Grand Unified Micronational|twenty six official Supreme Justices]]. The position has been held by [[Anthony Clark]] (of [[Abelden]]) since 2 January 2021.

On 11 February 2017, the position of Associate Justice was formally created, to assist the Supreme Justice in his duties and to enable a vote to take place should a decision of the court be appealed. A list of Associate Justices - of which there should be two - is as follows, with the incumbents in '''bold''':

*2 April 2017 - 21 October 2017: [[Anthony R Clark|Anthony Clark]] of [[Mcarthia]]
*2 April 2017 - 8 May 2017; 14 July 2019 - 25 August 2019: Shiro of [[Zenrax]]
*8 May 2017 - 7 July 2019; 29 February 2020 - 9 January 2021: [[Jonathan I, Emperor of Austenasia|Jonathan I]] of [[Empire of Austenasia|Austenasia]]
*19 January 2018 - 16 March 2018; 4 July 2020 - 2 January 2021: [[Henry Clémens|Lord Henry]] of [[Uber-Essian Union|Uber-Esse]]
*20 January 2019 - 7 July 2019: [[Bradley of Dullahan]] of [[Kingdom of Wyvern|Wyvern]]
*14 July 2019 - 31 December 2019: [[Thomas I of Hrafnarfjall|Thomas I]] of [[Kingdom of Hrafnarfjall|Hrafnarfjall]]
*8 September 2019 - 11 January 2020: [[Lord Matthew of Essexia|Matthew]] of [[Essexia]]
*'''29 February 2020 - 30 June 2020; 2 January - present: [[Newton von Uberquie|Lord Newton]] of [[Uber-Essian Union|Uber-Esse]]'''
*'''9 January 2021 - present: [[Sir Joseph Kennedy]] of [[New Virginia]]'''

===Secretariat for Public Relations and Press===

{{main|Secretariat for Public Relations and Press}}

The Secretariat for Public Relations and Press was founded on 13 May 2017 as an expansion of the office of the Press Secretary. The Secretariat conducts media and public projects, and is led by the Secretary, the office of which originally existed between 2009 and 2010 before it was re-established in March 2014, when the Secretariat offices were established by the Quorum of Delegates. Twelve people have held the position, with the present secretary being [[Jayden Lycon]] of [[Empire of Iustus|Iustus]], serving since 2 January 2021.

===Secretariat for Statistical Research===
{{main|Statistics Secretary of the GUM}}

The Secretariat for Statistical Research was founded on 1 May 2017 as an expansion of the office of Statistics Secretary. The Secretariat authors and conducts statistical research on member states and updates [[Micropages]], and is led by the Secretary, the office of which was created on 31 July 2016. Seven people have held the position, with the present secretary being [[Daniel Roscoe]] of [[Unified Royal States of Australis|Australis]], serving since 2 January 2021.

===Secretariat for Events & Summits===

{{main|Events & Summits Secretary of the GUM}}

The office of Events Officer was created on 10 February 2019, with the position renamed to Secretary for Events & Summits on 7 July 2019. The holder of the position is "responsible for organising events of any sort in the GUM Lounge, engaging member states outside of the Quorum, and assisting with any other sorts of events held by the GUM." Three people have held the position, with the present secretary being [[Emperor Terry of Essexia|Terry I]] of [[Essexia]], serving since 4 July 2020.

===Secretariat of Diplomacy & Recruitment===

{{main|Diplomacy & Recruitment Secretary of the GUM}}

The office of Outreach Officer was created on 10 February 2019, with the position renamed to Secretary of Diplomacy & Recruitment on 7 July 2019. The holder of the position is "responsible for representing and promoting the GUM in venues outside of the GUM itself, including other micronational organisations" as well as the [[Sister Cities Program]]. The Secretariat can also appoint a GUM Ambassador, who between 8 September and 14 November 2019 was [[Mike Lewis, Marquis of New Charter|Mike Lewis]] of [[Lundenwic]]. Six people have held the position, with the present secretary being [[Tomáš Falešník]] of [[Gymnasium State]], serving since 2 January 2021.

===Secretariat for Micronational Development===

{{main|Micronational Development Secretary of the GUM}}

The Secretariat for Micronational Development was created on 7 July 2019. Led by the Secretary, the duty of the position is "to promote micronational development within member states". Five people have held the position, with the present secretary being [[Alex I]] of [[Lytera]], serving since 2 January 2021.

===Secretariat for Asia Affairs===

{{main|Asia Secretary of the GUM}}

The Secretariat for Asia Affairs was created on 2 January 2021. Led by the Secretary, the duty of the position is "to improve the position of Asian members within the GUM, and promote Asian diplomacy". The inaugural and so far only holder is [[Dhrubajyoti Roy of Vishwamitra|Dhrubajyoti Roy]] of [[State of Vishwamitra|Vishwamitra]].

===GUM Archivist===

{{main|Archivist of the GUM}}

The office of Archivist was created on 22 October 2016. The holder of the position is responsible for "the protection of the GUM's data; the protection and organisation of the GUM's history; [and] the accuracy and updating of the GUM's wiki presence." Between 7 July 2019 and 11 January 2020 its functions were transferred to the Chair and delegated to the then Vice-Chair, Jonathan I, in order for him to continue exercising the role. Four people have held the position, with the present secretary being Chair [[Jack Dean]] of [[Essexia]], serving since 2 January 2021.

===Safeguarding and Welfare Officer===

{{main|Safeguarding and Welfare Officer of the GUM}}

The office of Safeguarding and Welfare Officer was created on 12 April 2020. The duty of the Officer, who must be over eighteen, is to work towards the safety of underage delegates and deal with any safeguarding situations that may arise. The first and incumbent Welfare Officer, Queen Cedar of the [[Triumvirate of Sonderan]], was appointed on 20 June 2020.

==Defunct organs and positions==

====Advancement Council====

{{Main|GUM Advancement Council}}

The Advancement Council (AC) was the organ of the Grand Unified Micronational charged with the promotion and development of issues of mutual development between member states. The Advancement Council was established by the Constitution, containing up to five member states and with an electoral term of three months. Members of the AC were elected by the Quorum of Delegates. The Advancement Council was disestablished during the August 2010 attempted reform, but reformed by the Quorum after the restoration of GUM activity a year later. The Advancement Council was deactivated during the term of Richard Cunningham as Chair of Quorum in March 2013, as an indirect result the 2012-13 GUM leadership scandal, and was disbanded permanently with the entry into force of the Charter on 15 February 2014.

====Security Council====

{{Main|GUM Security Council}}

The Security Council (SC) was the organ of Grand Unified Micronational charged with the promotion and development of intermicronational peace and security. As with the Advancement Council, the SC consisted of up to five member states who were elected every three months with a ban on having a third consecutive full term. The Security Council could intervene in any issues regarding security, conflict or peace promotion between member states, but had no authority to force any nation to change their policy on any issue. The Security Council was disestablished during the August 2010 attempted reform, but reformed by the Quorum after the restoration of GUM activity a year later. It was again disestablished on 31 March 2013, in response to a lack of traditional micronational conflicts for it to respond to.

====Other former Secretaries====

{{Main|Former GUM Secretary positions}}

After the dissolution of the Security Council and Advancement Council in 2013 and 2014 respectively, three secretarial positions were established by Quorum on 13 March 2014. The Secretary for Security and Community Affairs was to continue the work of the Security Council, whereas the Secretary for Culture and Education and the Secretary for Science and Research were to continue the work of the Advancement Council. These three positions were abolished in June 2014 upon the organisation transitioning into a formal discussion group, and were not re-established upon its return to organisation status the following year. A further now-defunct secretariat was the Secretariat for Conflict Resolution and Intermicronational Law, a pet project of the Mcarthian delegate which was dissolved mere weeks after that nation's exit from the GUM.

==Members==

{{main|Member state of the Grand Unified Micronational}}

===Full members===
Full members are those ratifiers of the [[GUM/Charter|Charter]] that enjoy all rights and duties given to a member state: they can contribute to discussions and debates, vote in Quorum sessions, and stand for election to any positions in the organisation. There are currently forty-eight full member states. They are:

*{{flagiconstart|Essexian reich.png}} [[Commonwealth of Essexia]] (''Chairman; Secretary for Events & Summits; Archivist)''
*{{Flaglist|Uber-Essian Union}} ''(Vice Chair; Associate Justice)''
*{{Flaglist|Abeldane Empire}} ''(Supreme Justice)''
*{{Flagiconstart|Flag of New Virginia.png}} [[Commonwealth of New Virginia]] ''(Associate Justice)''
*{{flagiconstart|Flag of Iustus 2.png}} [[Empire of Iustus]] ''(Secretary for Public Relations & Press)''
*{{flagiconstart|Flag_of_Australis.svg}} [[Unified Royal States of Australis]] ''(Secretary for Statistical Research)''
*{{flagiconstart|Gymnasium flag standartized.png}} [[Gymnasium State]] ''(Secretary of Diplomacy & Recruitment)''
*{{flagiconstart|Lytera flag.png}} [[Kingdom of Lytera]] ''(Secretary for Micronational Development)''
*{{flagiconstart|Vishwamitra-National_Flag.png}} [[State of Vishwamitra]] ''(Secretary for Asian Affairs)''
*{{flagiconstart|Sonderian Flag.jpeg}} [[Triumvirate of Sonderan]] ''(Welfare Officer)''
*{{Flaglist|Empire of Adammia}}
*{{flagiconstart|Empire of Aenopia flag.png}} [[Empire of Aenopia]]
*{{flagiconstart|Kingdom of Ashukovo flag.png}} [[Republic of Ashukovo]]
*{{flagiconstart|Ny_blue.png}} [[Astovian Union]]
*{{flagiconstart|Flag of Atovia.svg}} [[Kingdom of Atovia]]
*{{flagiconstart|Flag_of_Austenasia.png}} [[Empire of Austenasia]]
*{{flagiconstart|SBRflag.svg}} [[Serene Beaconite Republic]]
*{{flagiconstart|Caddiaflag.png}} [[Federal Republic of Caddia]]
*{{flagiconstart|FLAGMNG.png}} [[Confederation of El Dorado]]
*{{flagiconstart|Flag of Hak'hanna (2020).png}} [[Bailiwick of Hak'hanna]]
*{{flagiconstart|Flagoficeni.png}} [[Iceni Federal Republic]]
*{{flagiconstart|IKONflag.png}} [[Kingdom of Ikonia]]
*{{flagiconstart|Civil Flag of Imperium Aquilae.png}} [[Imperium Aquilae]]
*{{Flaglist|Juclandia}}
*{{Flaglist|Kingdom of Jupiter|Kingdom of Jupiter and Greater Territories}}
*{{flagiconstart|3rd Jusin Flag.svg}} [[Jusin Republic]]
*{{flagiconstart|Vlajka Klitziburgu.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Klitzibürg]]
*{{flagiconstart|Leonsle2.png}} [[Grand Duchy of Liangsi]]
*{{Flaglist|Mercia}}
*{{flagiconstart|Flag of Naveria.svg}} [[Commonwealth of Naveria]]
*{{flagiconstart|Imperial Republic Flag Wiki.png}} [[Nemkhav Federation]]
*{{flagiconstart|FLAGOFNEWRIZALIA.jpg}} [[Republic of New Rizalia]]
*{{flagiconstart|Knoll flag 1.png}} [[Tsardom of Nolland]]
*{{flagiconstart|FlagofNordaleDesign6.1.png}} [[Republic of Nordale]]
*{{flagiconstart|Paravia.png}} [[Empire of Paravia]]
*{{flagiconstart|PlushuniaFlag2.png}} [[Plushunia]]
*{{flagiconstart|Poplar_Nerva_Colonies.png}} [[Poplar Nerva]]
*{{flagiconstart|Posafgov.png}} [[Principality of Posaf]]
*{{flagiconstart|Vlajkanova.png}} [[Rednecks Republic]]
*{{flagiconstart|Swivianflag.jpg}} [[Unitary State of Swivia]]
*{{flagiconstart|Th_Flag_National_8.png}} [[Technocratic Republic of Theodia]]
*{{flagiconstart|Uskor flag.png}} [[Commonwealth of Uskor]]
*{{flagiconstart|Flag of Vlasynia.png}} [[Vlasynian Despotate]]
*{{flagiconstart|wegmatflag.jpeg}} [[Federal Union of Wegmat]]
*{{flagiconstart|Yu-Xia Republic New Flag.png}} [[Republic of Yu-Xia]]
*{{flagiconstart|WestSay.png}} [[Kingdom of West Sayville]]
*{{flagiconstart|Flag of Zenrax.png}} [[State of Zenrax]]

===Provisional members===

Provisional membership is a status granted to newly-approved member states or to member states that are found in the process of expulsion. Provisional members do not hold voting rights and cannot stand for election but may partake in Quorum discussions. After two weeks as a provisional member, the Quorum votes on whether the micronation in question should become a full member or be expelled from the organisation (if undecided, the Quorum can also vote for the micronation to stay as a provisional member for another two weeks). There are currently four provisional members.

*{{flag|Snagovian Federal Republic}}
*{{flagiconstart|SaspearianFlag.jpg}} [[Saspearian]]
*{{flagiconstart|KMV2.png}} [[United States of Mekniy and Lurk]]
*{{flag|Queensland|name=Kingdom of Queensland}}

===Observers===
Observers are nations that are permitted access to Quorums, and can propose matters to be discussed in a Quorum, but do not have the right to vote in a live Quorum meeting, or actively participate in one without the consent of the chair. Instead of the three delegates permitted to full and provisional members, observers are only granted one non-voting delegate to observe Quorum sessions. They also must confirm their continued wish to stay in the GUM every three months, in order to ensure that observer nations wish to actively partake in GUM business as far as is possible and not simply hold the status of observer in a titular fashion. There are currently nine observers:

*{{flagiconstart|Flag-normal.jpg}} [[Aarland Republic|Federal Republic of Aarland]] (must renew observer status by 23 March 2021)
*{{flagiconstart|Florensia_New_Flag.jpg}} [[Free State of Florensia]] (must renew observer status by 14 April 2021)
*{{flagcountry|Gradonia}} (must renew observer status by 20 March 2021)
*{{flagiconstart|Imperial Flag of Imvrassia.jpg}} [[Empire of Imvrassia]] (must renew observer status by 1 March 2021)
*{{flagiconstart|Kodrolian Flag.jpg}} [[Kodrolian Empire]] (must renew observer status by 23 March 2021)
*{{flagiconstart|Flag_of_Sandus.svg}} [[State of Sandus]] (must renew observer status by 28 March 2021)
*{{flagiconstart|Flag_of_GSMLL.jpg}} [[Republic of Upper Shwartz Morgen Lorgen Land]] (must renew observer status by 15 March 2021)
*{{flagiconstart|FlagofBD.png}} [[Kingdom of Burdette]] (must renew observer status by 11 May 2021)
*{{flagiconstart|Flag of the Cheskgariyan-Litvanian Commonwealth.svg}} [[Cheskgariyan-Litvanian Commonwealth]] (must renew observer status by 25 May 2021)
*{{flagiconstart|Atiera flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Atiera]] (must renew observer status by 25 May 2021)

===Permanent observers===
Permanent observership was originally a status given to [[Federal Republic of St.Charlie|St.Charlie]], [[Republic of Bokonton|Bokonton]], and [[Francisville]], which were members of the GUM at its so-called "dissolution" in September 2010 but did not take part when it returned to activity in August 2011, and had stated that they may consider resuming full membership at some point in the near future. Permanent observers had the same rights as observers, while also being permitted to view Quorum sessions and contribute to discussions, but could not vote or stand for election. It was decided on 1 April 2012 to abolish this membership status, as it was seen as giving preferential treatment to former members; the three permanent observers were transitioned into "regular" observer states and a ban was applied on creating any new permanent observers, ''de facto'' abolishing the status. On 8 July later that year, the status was revived along with reforms to observer status, with permanent observers effectively being observers which due to a close historical association to the GUM would not be not required to periodically reaffirm their desire to stay in the organisation. All provision for the status of permanent observer was removed upon the entering into force of the February 2014 Charter.

==See also==

*[[Chair of the Grand Unified Micronational]]
*[[GUM Advancement Council]]
*[[GUM Security Council]]
*[[Elections in the Grand Unified Micronational]]
*[[Member state of the Grand Unified Micronational]]
*[[Criticism of the Grand Unified Micronational]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

*[https://grandunifiedmicronational.org/about.html Web site]
*[http://www.westarctica.wiki/index.php/Grand_Unified_Micronational Grand Unified Micronational] at [[Encyclopedia Westarctica]]

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[[Category:Grand Unified Micronational]]
[[Category:Unions]]
[[Category:Organisations]]